litany Who acts: litany, leader, people, that, priest, everyone · What happens: be, say, answer, have, seem, go · To what, where: long prayer, line, mercy, long list, litany, prayer · Speech: someone speaks here
«litany» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: litany in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.
A litany is a long prayer in which a leader says a line and the people answer with the same response each time, like «Lord, have mercy».
The tree, 27 words det nsubj cop det amod case obl det nsubj parataxis det obj cc det nsubj conj case det amod obl det obl:unmarked punct case punct obl punct parataxis obj punct punct root A DET litany NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ prayer NOUN in ADP which PRON a DET leader NOUN says VERB a DET line NOUN and CCONJ the DET people NOUN answer VERB with ADP the DET same ADJ response NOUN each DET time NOUN , PUNCT like ADP « PUNCT Lord PROPN , PUNCT have VERB mercy NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 litany det 2 litany litany NOUN Number=Sing 6 prayer nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 prayer cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 prayer det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 prayer amod 6 prayer prayer NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 in in ADP _ 8 which case 8 which which PRON PronType=Rel 11 says obl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 leader det 10 leader leader NOUN Number=Sing 11 says nsubj 11 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 prayer parataxis 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 line det 13 line line NOUN Number=Sing 11 says obj 14 and and CCONJ _ 17 answer cc 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 people det 16 people people NOUN Number=Plur 17 answer nsubj 17 answer answer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 says conj 18 with with ADP _ 21 response case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 response det 20 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 21 response amod 21 response response NOUN Number=Sing 17 answer obl 22 each each DET PronType=Tot 23 time det 23 time time NOUN Number=Sing 17 answer obl:unmarked 24 , , PUNCT _ 27 Lord punct 25 like like ADP _ 27 Lord case 26 « « PUNCT _ 27 Lord punct 27 Lord Lord PROPN Number=Sing 17 answer obl 28 , , PUNCT _ 29 have punct 29 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 answer parataxis 30 mercy mercy NOUN Number=Sing 29 have obj 31 » » PUNCT _ 29 have punct 32 . . PUNCT _ 6 prayer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a litany a long prayer tree rules 2 say speech: assert present a leader a line a long prayer vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent line=Theme in which=Manner 3 answer speech: assert present the people time with the same response; like Lord tree rules 4 have in a quote present mercy vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mercy=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A litany is a long list of things, often complaints or problems, that seems to go on and on.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct advmod conj cc conj punct nsubj parataxis mark xcomp advmod cc conj punct root A DET litany NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ list NOUN of ADP things NOUN , PUNCT often ADV complaints NOUN or CCONJ problems NOUN , PUNCT that PRON seems VERB to PART go VERB on ADV and CCONJ on ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 litany det 2 litany litany NOUN Number=Sing 6 list nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 list cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 list det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 list amod 6 list list NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 things case 8 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 6 list nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 complaints punct 10 often often ADV _ 11 complaints advmod 11 complaints complaint NOUN Number=Plur 8 things conj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 problems cc 13 problems problem NOUN Number=Plur 8 things conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 seems punct 15 that that PRON PronType=Rel 16 seems nsubj 16 seems seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 list parataxis 17 to to PART _ 18 go mark 18 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 seems xcomp 19 on on ADV _ 18 go advmod 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 on cc 21 on on ADV _ 19 on conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 list punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a litany a long list of things and complaints or problems tree rules 2 seem present that vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute 3 go to-infinitive that not said here vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The priest led the litany and the people answered.
det nsubj det obj cc det nsubj conj punct root The DET priest NOUN led VERB the DET litany NOUN and CCONJ the DET people NOUN answered VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 priest det 2 priest priest NOUN Number=Sing 3 led nsubj 3 led lead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 litany det 5 litany litany NOUN Number=Sing 3 led obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 answered cc 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 people det 8 people people NOUN Number=Plur 9 answered nsubj 9 answered answer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 led conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 led punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lead past the priest the litany vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litany=Theme 2 answer speech: assert past the people vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 In the litany, everyone repeated «Hear our prayer».
case det obl punct nsubj punct xcomp nmod:poss obj punct punct root In ADP the DET litany NOUN , PUNCT everyone PRON repeated VERB « PUNCT Hear VERB our PRON prayer NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 litany case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 litany det 3 litany litany NOUN Number=Sing 6 repeated obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 litany punct 5 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 6 repeated nsubj 6 repeated repeat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 Hear punct 8 Hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 repeated xcomp 9 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 prayer nmod:poss 10 prayer prayer NOUN Number=Sing 8 Hear obj 11 » » PUNCT _ 8 Hear punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 repeated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 repeat past everyone the litany vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 hear in a quote infinitive everyone not said here our prayer vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer prayer=Stimulus 3 pray in a quote our nom prayer «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 He gave a litany of excuses for being late.
nsubj det obj case nmod mark cop advcl punct root He PRON gave VERB a DET litany NOUN of ADP excuses NOUN for SCONJ being AUX late ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 litany det 4 litany litany NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 excuses case 6 excuses excuse NOUN Number=Plur 4 litany nmod 7 for for SCONJ _ 9 late mark 8 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 late cop 9 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 2 gave advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past He a litany of excuses vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litany=Theme 2 is gerund He not said here late property tree rules
Example 4 The report listed a litany of problems.
det nsubj det obj case nmod punct root The DET report NOUN listed VERB a DET litany NOUN of ADP problems NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 report det 2 report report NOUN Number=Sing 3 listed nsubj 3 listed list VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 litany det 5 litany litany NOUN Number=Sing 3 listed obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 problems case 7 problems problem NOUN Number=Plur 5 litany nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 listed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 list past the report a litany of problems tree rules
Example 5 My brother has a litany of complaints about broccoli.
nmod:poss nsubj det obj case nmod case nmod punct root My PRON brother NOUN has VERB a DET litany NOUN of ADP complaints NOUN about ADP broccoli NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 brother nmod:poss 2 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 litany det 5 litany litany NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 complaints case 7 complaints complaint NOUN Number=Plur 5 litany nmod 8 about about ADP _ 9 broccoli case 9 broccoli broccoli NOUN Number=Sing 7 complaints nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present My brother a litany of complaints about broccoli vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litany=Patient
Example 6 The old church still sings the litany on Sundays.
det amod nsubj advmod det obj case obl punct root The DET old ADJ church NOUN still ADV sings VERB the DET litany NOUN on ADP Sundays PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 church det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 church amod 3 church church NOUN Number=Sing 5 sings nsubj 4 still still ADV _ 5 sings advmod 5 sings sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 litany det 7 litany litany NOUN Number=Sing 5 sings obj 8 on on ADP _ 9 Sundays case 9 Sundays Sunday PROPN Number=Plur 5 sings obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 sings punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express present the old church the litany still; sunday vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location litany=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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