local Who acts: Local, you, locals, people, local anaesthetic, We · What happens: mean, belong, live, be, numb, borrow · To what, where: people, place, nearby pub, one part, medicine, books
«local» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: local in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Local means belonging to or near the place where you live, or a particular area.
The tree, 15 words nsubj xcomp case cc case det obl advmod nsubj acl:relcl punct cc det amod conj punct root Local ADJ means VERB belonging VERB to ADP or CCONJ near ADP the DET place NOUN where ADV you PRON live VERB , PUNCT or CCONJ a DET particular ADJ area NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Local local ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 belonging belong VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 to to ADP _ 8 place case 5 or or CCONJ _ 8 place cc 6 near near ADP _ 8 place case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 place det 8 place place NOUN Number=Sing 3 belonging obl 9 where where ADV PronType=Rel 11 live advmod 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 live nsubj 11 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 place acl:relcl 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 area punct 13 or or CCONJ _ 16 area cc 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 area det 15 particular particular ADJ Degree=Pos 16 area amod 16 area area NOUN Number=Sing 8 place conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Local vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 belong not said to happen gerund Local not said here to the place or a particular area vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme 3 live present you vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The locals are the people who live in a place.
det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl case det obl punct root The DET locals NOUN are AUX the DET people NOUN who PRON live VERB in ADP a DET place NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 locals det 2 locals local NOUN Number=Plur 5 people nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 people cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 people det 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 live nsubj 7 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 people acl:relcl 8 in in ADP _ 10 place case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 place det 10 place place NOUN Number=Sing 7 live obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 people punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the locals the people tree rules 2 live present the people a place vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location
Meaning 3 In Britain, «the local» can mean the nearby pub.
case obl punct punct det amod punct aux det amod obj punct root In ADP Britain PROPN , PUNCT « PUNCT the DET local ADJ » PUNCT can AUX mean VERB the DET nearby ADJ pub NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Britain case 2 Britain Britain PROPN Number=Sing 9 mean obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 local punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 local punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 local det 6 local local ADJ Degree=Pos 2 Britain amod 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 local punct 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 mean aux 9 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 pub det 11 nearby nearby ADJ Degree=Pos 12 pub amod 12 pub pub NOUN Number=Sing 9 mean obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can the nearby pub in Britain vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot pub=Theme in britain=Attribute
Meaning 4 In medicine, a local anaesthetic numbs only one part of the body.
case obl punct det amod nsubj advmod nummod obj case det nmod punct root In ADP medicine NOUN , PUNCT a DET local ADJ anaesthetic NOUN numbs VERB only ADV one NUM part NOUN of ADP the DET body NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 medicine case 2 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 7 numbs obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 medicine punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 anaesthetic det 5 local local ADJ Degree=Pos 6 anaesthetic amod 6 anaesthetic anaesthetic NOUN Number=Sing 7 numbs nsubj 7 numbs numb VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 only only ADV _ 9 one advmod 9 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 part nummod 10 part part NOUN Number=Sing 7 numbs obj 11 of of ADP _ 13 body case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 body det 13 body body NOUN Number=Sing 10 part nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 numbs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 numb present a local anaesthetic one part of the body medicine vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus part=Experiencer
Example 1 We borrow books from our local library.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root We PRON borrow VERB books NOUN from ADP our PRON local ADJ library NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 borrow nsubj 2 borrow borrow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 borrow obj 4 from from ADP _ 7 library case 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 library nmod:poss 6 local local ADJ Degree=Pos 7 library amod 7 library library NOUN Number=Sing 2 borrow obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 borrow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow present We books our local library vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent book=Theme from library=Source
Example 2 The local park has a new playground.
det amod nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET local ADJ park NOUN has VERB a DET new ADJ playground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 park det 2 local local ADJ Degree=Pos 3 park amod 3 park park NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 playground det 6 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 7 playground amod 7 playground playground NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the local park a new playground vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent playground=Patient
Example 3 We asked a local for directions.
nsubj det ccomp case obl punct root We PRON asked VERB a DET local ADJ for ADP directions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 asked nsubj 2 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 local det 4 local local ADJ Degree=Pos 2 asked ccomp 5 for for ADP _ 6 directions case 6 directions direction NOUN Number=Plur 4 local obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask past We vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Buy fruit from local farmers.
obj case amod obl punct root Buy VERB fruit NOUN from ADP local ADJ farmers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Buy buy VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 fruit fruit NOUN Number=Sing 1 Buy obj 3 from from ADP _ 5 farmers case 4 local local ADJ Degree=Pos 5 farmers amod 5 farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 1 Buy obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Buy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy imperative you not said here fruit from local farmers vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent fruit=Theme from farmer=Source
Example 5 It's 9 o'clock local time.
nsubj cop nummod compound amod punct root It PRON 's AUX 9 NUM o'clock NOUN local ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 time nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 time cop 3 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 o'clock nummod 4 o'clock o'clock NOUN Number=Sing 6 time compound 5 local local ADJ Degree=Pos 6 time amod 6 time time NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 time punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It o'clock local time tree rules
Example 6 The local news talked about the flood.
det amod acl case det obl punct root The DET local ADJ news NOUN talked VERB about ADP the DET flood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 news det 2 local local ADJ Degree=Pos 3 news amod 3 news news NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 talked talk VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 news acl 5 about about ADP _ 7 flood case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 flood det 7 flood flood NOUN Number=Sing 4 talked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 news punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 talk participle the local news not said here about the flood vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about flood=Topic
Example 7 Our local football team won the cup.
nmod:poss amod compound nsubj det obj punct root Our PRON local ADJ football NOUN team NOUN won VERB the DET cup NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 team nmod:poss 2 local local ADJ Degree=Pos 4 team amod 3 football football NOUN Number=Sing 4 team compound 4 team team NOUN Number=Sing 5 won nsubj 5 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cup det 7 cup cup NOUN Number=Sing 5 won obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 won punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win past Our local football team the cup vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cup=Eventuality
Example 8 It must therefore have been brought to Europe from the East and adapted to local conditions at Dort and Swaffham.
The tree, 20 words nsubj:pass aux advmod aux aux:pass case obl case det obl cc conj case amod obl case nmod cc conj punct root It PRON must AUX therefore ADV have AUX been AUX brought VERB to ADP Europe PROPN from ADP the DET East PROPN and CCONJ adapted VERB to ADP local ADJ conditions NOUN at ADP Dort PROPN and CCONJ Swaffham PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 brought nsubj:pass 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 brought aux 3 therefore therefore ADV _ 6 brought advmod 4 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 brought aux 5 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 6 brought aux:pass 6 brought bring VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 to to ADP _ 8 Europe case 8 Europe Europe PROPN Number=Sing 6 brought obl 9 from from ADP _ 11 East case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 East det 11 East East PROPN Number=Sing 6 brought obl 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 adapted cc 13 adapted adapt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 brought conj 14 to to ADP _ 16 conditions case 15 local local ADJ Degree=Pos 16 conditions amod 16 conditions condition NOUN Number=Plur 13 adapted obl 17 at at ADP _ 18 Dort case 18 Dort Dort PROPN Number=Sing 16 conditions nmod 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 Swaffham cc 20 Swaffham Swaffham PROPN Number=Sing 18 Dort conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 brought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bring must · perfect · passive It Europe the East therefore property vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme to europe=Destination from east=Initial_Location 2 adapt past to local conditions at Dort and Swaffham goal vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent to condition=Goal
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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