lying Who acts: book, Lying, you, saying, lying person, 9 apples · What happens: lie, mean, rest, say, know, not be · To what, where: something, bed, table, that, someone, lies · Speech: someone speaks here
«lying» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lying in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Lying means resting flat on something, like lying in bed or a book lying on a table.
The tree, 17 words nsubj xcomp advmod case obl punct mark conj case obl cc det conj acl case det obl punct root Lying VERB means VERB resting VERB flat ADV on ADP something PRON , PUNCT like SCONJ lying VERB in ADP bed NOUN or CCONJ a DET book NOUN lying VERB on ADP a DET table NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lying lie VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 resting rest VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 flat flat ADV _ 3 resting advmod 5 on on ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 resting obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 lying punct 8 like like SCONJ _ 9 lying mark 9 lying lie VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 resting conj 10 in in ADP _ 11 bed case 11 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 9 lying obl 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 book cc 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 book det 14 book book NOUN Number=Sing 11 bed conj 15 lying lie VERB VerbForm=Ger 14 book acl 16 on on ADP _ 18 table case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 table det 18 table table NOUN Number=Sing 15 lying obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie gerund vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 rest not said to happen gerund something flat property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on something=Location 4 lie gerund bed or a book vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in bed=Location 5 lie gerund a book not said here a table vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on table=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Lying also means saying something that you know is not true.
csubj advmod csubj obj obl nsubj parataxis cop advmod parataxis punct root Lying VERB also ADV means VERB saying VERB something PRON that PRON you PRON know VERB is AUX not PART true ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lying lie VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means csubj 2 also also ADV _ 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 true csubj 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 saying obj 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 know obl 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 know nsubj 8 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 something parataxis 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 true cop 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 true advmod 11 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 3 means parataxis 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie gerund vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present Lying vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 3 say speech: assert gerund something vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic 4 know present you that vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 5 not is present saying true property tree rules
Meaning 3 A lying person is someone who tells lies.
det amod nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root A DET lying VERB person NOUN is AUX someone PRON who PRON tells VERB lies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 person det 2 lying lie VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 person amod 3 person person NOUN Number=Sing 5 someone nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 someone cop 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 tells nsubj 7 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 someone acl:relcl 8 lies lie NOUN Number=Plur 7 tells obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 someone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie gerund vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present a lying person someone tree rules 3 tell speech: assert present lies vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lie=Recipient
Example 1 There are 9 apples lying on the grass.
expl nummod nsubj acl case det obl punct root There PRON are VERB 9 NUM apples NOUN lying VERB on ADP the DET grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 apples nummod 4 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 lying lie VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 apples acl 6 on on ADP _ 8 grass case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 grass det 8 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 5 lying obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 9 apples there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 lie gerund 9 apples not said here the grass vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on grass=Location
Example 2 4 books are lying on the desk.
nummod nsubj aux case det obl punct root 4 NUM books NOUN are AUX lying VERB on ADP the DET desk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 books nummod 2 books book NOUN Number=Plur 4 lying nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lying aux 4 lying lie VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 on on ADP _ 7 desk case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 desk det 7 desk desk NOUN Number=Sing 4 lying obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 lying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie present · progressive 4 books the desk vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on desk=Location
Example 3 She found 3 coins lying on the floor.
nsubj nummod obj acl case det obl punct root She PRON found VERB 3 NUM coins NOUN lying VERB on ADP the DET floor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 coins nummod 4 coins coin NOUN Number=Plur 2 found obj 5 lying lie VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 coins acl 6 on on ADP _ 8 floor case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 floor det 8 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 5 lying obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past She 3 coins vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Topic 2 lie gerund 3 coins not said here the floor vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on floor=Location
Example 4 How many shoes are lying by the door?
advmod amod nsubj aux case det obl punct root How ADV many ADJ shoes NOUN are AUX lying VERB by ADP the DET door NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 shoes amod 3 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 5 lying nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 lying aux 5 lying lie VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 by by ADP _ 8 door case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 door det 8 door door NOUN Number=Sing 5 lying obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 lying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie present · progressive many shoes by the door vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by door=Location
Example 5 The cat was lying in the sun.
det nsubj aux case det obl root The DET cat NOUN was AUX lying VERB in ADP the DET sun. NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 4 lying nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 lying aux 4 lying lie VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 sun. case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sun. det 7 sun. sun. NOUN Number=Sing 4 lying obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie past · progressive the cat the sun. vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in sun.=Location
Example 6 He was lying when he said he had done his homework.
nsubj aux advmod nsubj advcl nsubj aux ccomp nmod:poss obj punct root He PRON was AUX lying VERB when ADV he PRON said VERB he PRON had AUX done VERB his PRON homework NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 lying nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 lying aux 3 lying lie VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 said advmod 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 said nsubj 6 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 lying advcl 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 done nsubj 8 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 done aux 9 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 6 said ccomp 10 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 homework nmod:poss 11 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 9 done obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 lying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie past · progressive He vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 say speech: assert past he vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 do past · perfect he his homework vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Eventuality
Example 7 Do not leave toys lying on the stairs; someone could trip.
aux advmod obj acl case det obl punct nsubj aux advcl punct root Do AUX not PART leave VERB toys NOUN lying VERB on ADP the DET stairs NOUN ; PUNCT someone PRON could AUX trip VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 leave aux 2 not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 leave advmod 3 leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 3 leave obj 5 lying lie VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 toys acl 6 on on ADP _ 8 stairs case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 stairs det 8 stairs stair NOUN Number=Plur 5 lying obl 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 trip punct 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 trip nsubj 11 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 trip aux 12 trip trip VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 leave advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not leave imperative · do-support you not said here toys vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Theme 2 lie gerund toys not said here the stairs vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on stair=Location 3 trip could someone vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 If you feel faint, try lying down.
mark nsubj advcl xcomp punct xcomp advmod punct root If SCONJ you PRON feel VERB faint ADJ , PUNCT try VERB lying VERB down ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 feel mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 feel nsubj 3 feel feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 try advcl 4 faint faint ADJ Degree=Pos 3 feel xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 feel punct 6 try try VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 lying lie VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 try xcomp 8 down down ADV _ 7 lying advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 try punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel a condition, not said to happen present you faint property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 try imperative you not said here vn try-61.1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 lie down not said to happen gerund you not said here down property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 In the puzzle, one of the two boys is lying.
case det nsubj punct appos case det nummod nmod aux punct root In ADP the DET puzzle NOUN , PUNCT one NUM of ADP the DET two NUM boys NOUN is AUX lying VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 puzzle case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 puzzle det 3 puzzle puzzle NOUN Number=Sing 11 lying nsubj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 one punct 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 puzzle appos 6 of of ADP _ 9 boys case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 boys det 8 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 boys nummod 9 boys boy NOUN Number=Plur 5 one nmod 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 lying aux 11 lying lie VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 lying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie present · progressive the puzzle vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 10 ‘Who’s been lying on my bed?’
punct nsubj aux aux case nmod:poss obl punct punct root ‘ PUNCT Who PRON ’s AUX been AUX lying VERB on ADP my PRON bed NOUN ? PUNCT ’ PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 5 lying punct 2 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 5 lying nsubj 3 ’s be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 lying aux 4 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 lying aux 5 lying lie VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 on on ADP _ 8 bed case 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 bed nmod:poss 8 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 5 lying obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 lying punct 10 ’ ' PUNCT _ 5 lying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie present · progressive my bed vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on bed=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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