mallard Who acts: mallard, male, male mallard, female mallard, Mallard ducklings, you · What happens: be, have, speckle, swim, hide, follow · To what, where: common wild duck, shiny green head, female, pond, bright green head, she
«mallard» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: mallard in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A mallard is the most common wild duck; the male (drake) has a shiny green head, a white ring round the neck and a grey body, and the female is speckled brown.
The tree, 32 words det nsubj cop det advmod amod amod punct det nsubj punct appos punct parataxis det amod amod obj punct det amod appos case det nmod cc det amod conj punct cc det nsubj:pass aux:pass conj xcomp punct root A DET mallard NOUN is AUX the DET most ADV common ADJ wild ADJ duck NOUN ; PUNCT the DET male NOUN ( PUNCT drake NOUN ) PUNCT has VERB a DET shiny ADJ green ADJ head NOUN , PUNCT a DET white ADJ ring NOUN round ADP the DET neck NOUN and CCONJ a DET grey ADJ body NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET female NOUN is AUX speckled VERB brown ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 mallard det 2 mallard mallard NOUN Number=Sing 8 duck nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 duck cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 duck det 5 most most ADV Degree=Sup 6 common advmod 6 common common ADJ Degree=Pos 8 duck amod 7 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 8 duck amod 8 duck duck NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 has punct 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 male det 11 male male NOUN Number=Sing 15 has nsubj 12 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 drake punct 13 drake drake NOUN Number=Sing 11 male appos 14 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 drake punct 15 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 duck parataxis 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 head det 17 shiny shiny ADJ Degree=Pos 19 head amod 18 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 19 head amod 19 head head NOUN Number=Sing 15 has obj 20 , , PUNCT _ 23 ring punct 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 ring det 22 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 23 ring amod 23 ring ring NOUN Number=Sing 19 head appos 24 round round ADP _ 26 neck case 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 neck det 26 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 23 ring nmod 27 and and CCONJ _ 30 body cc 28 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 30 body det 29 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 30 body amod 30 body body NOUN Number=Sing 19 head conj 31 , , PUNCT _ 36 speckled punct 32 and and CCONJ _ 36 speckled cc 33 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 34 female det 34 female female NOUN Number=Sing 36 speckled nsubj:pass 35 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 36 speckled aux:pass 36 speckled speckle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 has conj 37 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 36 speckled xcomp 38 . . PUNCT _ 8 duck punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a mallard the common wild duck tree rules 2 have present the male a shiny green head and a grey body vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient 3 speckle present · passive the female brown property vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 A mallard swam across the pond.
det nsubj case det obl punct root A DET mallard NOUN swam VERB across ADP the DET pond NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 mallard det 2 mallard mallard NOUN Number=Sing 3 swam nsubj 3 swam swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 across across ADP _ 6 pond case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 pond det 6 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 3 swam obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 swam punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim past a mallard the pond vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across pond=Trajectory
Example 2 The male mallard has a bright green head.
det amod nsubj det amod amod obj punct root The DET male ADJ mallard NOUN has VERB a DET bright ADJ green ADJ head NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 mallard det 2 male male ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mallard amod 3 mallard mallard NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 head det 6 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 8 head amod 7 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 8 head amod 8 head head NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the male mallard a bright green head vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient
Example 3 The female mallard is brown so she is hidden on the nest.
det amod nsubj cop advmod nsubj aux:pass advcl case det obl punct root The DET female ADJ mallard NOUN is AUX brown ADJ so ADV she PRON is AUX hidden VERB on ADP the DET nest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 mallard det 2 female female ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mallard amod 3 mallard mallard NOUN Number=Sing 5 brown nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 brown cop 5 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 so so ADV _ 9 hidden advmod 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 hidden nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 hidden aux:pass 9 hidden hide VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 brown advcl 10 on on ADP _ 12 nest case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 nest det 12 nest nest NOUN Number=Sing 9 hidden obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 brown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the female mallard brown property tree rules 2 hide present · passive she the nest vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient on nest=Location
Example 4 Mallard ducklings followed their mother in a line.
compound nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root Mallard PROPN ducklings NOUN followed VERB their PRON mother NOUN in ADP a DET line NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mallard Mallard PROPN Number=Sing 2 ducklings compound 2 ducklings duckling NOUN Number=Plur 3 followed nsubj 3 followed follow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 mother nmod:poss 5 mother mother NOUN Number=Sing 3 followed obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 line case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 line det 8 line line NOUN Number=Sing 3 followed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 followed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 follow past Mallard ducklings ducklings's mother a line vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent mother=Theme in line=Trajectory
Example 5 Don't feed the mallards bread — give them peas or oats instead.
aux advmod det compound obj punct conj iobj obj cc conj advmod punct root Do AUX n't PART feed VERB the DET mallards NOUN bread NOUN — PUNCT give VERB them PRON peas NOUN or CCONJ oats NOUN instead ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 feed aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 feed advmod 3 feed feed VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bread det 5 mallards mallard NOUN Number=Plur 6 bread compound 6 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 3 feed obj 7 — - PUNCT _ 8 give punct 8 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 feed conj 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 give iobj 10 peas pea NOUN Number=Plur 8 give obj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 oats cc 12 oats oat NOUN Number=Plur 10 peas conj 13 instead instead ADV _ 8 give advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 feed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not feed imperative · do-support you not said here the mallards bread vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent bread=Theme 2 give infinitive you not said here peas or oats them = they instead property vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient pea=Theme
Example 6 The steam engine Mallard is the fastest steam locomotive.
det compound nsubj appos cop det amod compound punct root The DET steam NOUN engine NOUN Mallard PROPN is AUX the DET fastest ADJ steam NOUN locomotive NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 engine det 2 steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 3 engine compound 3 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 9 locomotive nsubj 4 Mallard Mallard PROPN Number=Sing 3 engine appos 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 locomotive cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 locomotive det 7 fastest fast ADJ Degree=Sup 9 locomotive amod 8 steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 9 locomotive compound 9 locomotive locomotive NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 locomotive punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the steam engine the fastest steam locomotive tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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