mastering Who acts: Mastering, his, last stage, She, He, We · What happens: master, mean, learn, become, get, fear · To what, where: skill, subject, feeling, control, fear, last stage · Speech: someone speaks here
«mastering» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: mastering in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Mastering a skill or subject means learning it completely and becoming really good at it.
The tree, 15 words csubj det obj cc conj xcomp obj advmod cc conj advmod xcomp case obl punct root Mastering VERB a DET skill NOUN or CCONJ subject NOUN means VERB learning VERB it PRON completely ADV and CCONJ becoming VERB really ADV good ADJ at ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mastering master VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 means csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 skill det 3 skill skill NOUN Number=Sing 1 Mastering obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 subject cc 5 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 3 skill conj 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 learning learn VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 means xcomp 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 learning obj 9 completely completely ADV _ 7 learning advmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 becoming cc 11 becoming become VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 learning conj 12 really really ADV _ 13 good advmod 13 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 11 becoming xcomp 14 at at ADP _ 15 it case 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 becoming obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 master gerund a skill or subject tree rules 2 mean present Mastering vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 learn not said to happen gerund Mastering not said here subject completely property vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic 4 become gerund Mastering not said here subject good property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Mastering a feeling means getting control of it («mastering his fear»).
The tree, 11 words csubj det obj xcomp obj case nmod punct punct conj nmod:poss obj punct punct punct root Mastering VERB a DET feeling NOUN means VERB getting VERB control NOUN of ADP it PRON ( PUNCT « PUNCT mastering VERB his PRON fear NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mastering master VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 means csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 feeling det 3 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing 1 Mastering obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 getting get VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 means xcomp 6 control control NOUN Number=Sing 5 getting obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 it case 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 control nmod 9 ( ( PUNCT _ 11 mastering punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 mastering punct 11 mastering master VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 getting conj 12 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 fear nmod:poss 13 fear fear NOUN Number=Sing 11 mastering obj 14 » » PUNCT _ 11 mastering punct 15 ) ) PUNCT _ 11 mastering punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 master gerund a feeling tree rules 2 mean present Mastering vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 get not said to happen gerund Mastering not said here control of control vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer control=Stimulus 4 master in a quote gerund Mastering not said here his fear tree rules 5 fear in a quote his = he nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 3 Usage: music — kept apart, not parsed.
Mastering is the last stage of making a recording, when the sound is balanced and made ready to sell or stream.
The tree, 21 words nsubj cop det amod mark acl det obj punct mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis cc conj xcomp mark xcomp cc conj punct root Mastering NOUN is AUX the DET last ADJ stage NOUN of SCONJ making VERB a DET recording NOUN , PUNCT when SCONJ the DET sound NOUN is AUX balanced VERB and CCONJ made VERB ready ADJ to PART sell VERB or CCONJ stream VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mastering mastering NOUN Number=Sing 5 stage nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stage cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 stage det 4 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 5 stage amod 5 stage stage NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of SCONJ _ 7 making mark 7 making make VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 stage acl 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 recording det 9 recording recording NOUN Number=Sing 7 making obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 balanced punct 11 when when SCONJ _ 15 balanced mark 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 sound det 13 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 15 balanced nsubj:pass 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 balanced aux:pass 15 balanced balance VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 stage parataxis 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 made cc 17 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 balanced conj 18 ready ready ADJ Degree=Pos 17 made xcomp 19 to to PART _ 20 sell mark 20 sell sell VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 ready xcomp 21 or or CCONJ _ 22 stream cc 22 stream stream VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 sell conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 stage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Mastering the last stage tree rules 2 make gerund the last stage not said here a recording vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset recording=Product 3 balance present · passive the sound vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme 4 make participle ready property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 5 sell to-infinitive vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 6 stream infinitive vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 She is mastering the 7 times table.
nsubj aux det nummod compound obj punct root She PRON is AUX mastering VERB the DET 7 NUM times NOUN table NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 mastering nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 mastering aux 3 mastering master VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 table det 5 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 times nummod 6 times time NOUN Number=Plur 7 table compound 7 table table NOUN Number=Sing 3 mastering obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 mastering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 master present · progressive She the times table tree rules
Example 2 Mastering a new language takes years.
csubj det amod obj obj punct root Mastering VERB a DET new ADJ language NOUN takes VERB years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mastering master VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 takes csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 language det 3 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 4 language amod 4 language language NOUN Number=Sing 1 Mastering obj 5 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 years year NOUN Number=Plur 5 takes obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 takes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 master gerund a new language tree rules 2 take present Mastering year vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 3 He is mastering his fear of heights.
nsubj aux nmod:poss obj case nmod punct root He PRON is AUX mastering VERB his PRON fear NOUN of ADP heights NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 mastering nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 mastering aux 3 mastering master VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 fear nmod:poss 5 fear fear NOUN Number=Sing 3 mastering obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 heights case 7 heights height NOUN Number=Plur 5 fear nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 mastering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 master present · progressive He his fear of heights tree rules 2 fear his = he heights nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent of=patient
Example 4 Mastering the piano needs daily practice.
csubj det obj amod obj punct root Mastering VERB the DET piano NOUN needs VERB daily ADJ practice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mastering master VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 needs csubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 piano det 3 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 1 Mastering obj 4 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 daily daily ADJ Degree=Pos 6 practice amod 6 practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 4 needs obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 needs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 master gerund the piano tree rules 2 need present Mastering daily practice vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot practice=Theme
Example 5 We are mastering long division this term.
nsubj aux amod obj det obl:unmarked punct root We PRON are AUX mastering VERB long ADJ division NOUN this DET term NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 mastering nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 mastering aux 3 mastering master VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 5 division amod 5 division division NOUN Number=Sing 3 mastering obj 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 term det 7 term term NOUN Number=Sing 3 mastering obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 mastering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 master present · progressive We long division this term obl:unmarked tree rules
Example 6 The band's song is in the mastering stage.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop case det compound punct root The DET band NOUN 's PART song NOUN is AUX in ADP the DET mastering NOUN stage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 band det 2 band band NOUN Number=Sing 4 song nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 band case 4 song song NOUN Number=Sing 9 stage nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 stage cop 6 in in ADP _ 9 stage case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 stage det 8 mastering mastering NOUN Number=Sing 9 stage compound 9 stage stage NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 stage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the band's song the mastering stage tree rules 2 sing the band nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Mastering a skateboard trick takes lots of falls.
csubj det compound obj obj case nmod punct root Mastering VERB a DET skateboard NOUN trick NOUN takes VERB lots NOUN of ADP falls NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mastering master VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 takes csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 trick det 3 skateboard skateboard NOUN Number=Sing 4 trick compound 4 trick trick NOUN Number=Sing 1 Mastering obj 5 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 5 takes obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 falls case 8 falls fall NOUN Number=Plur 6 lots nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 takes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 master gerund a skateboard trick tree rules 2 take present Mastering lots of falls vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme
Example 8 He spoke to her then, mastering his heart to do it.
nsubj case obj advmod punct advcl nmod:poss obj mark xcomp obj punct root He PRON spoke VERB to ADP her PRON then ADV , PUNCT mastering VERB his PRON heart NOUN to PART do VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 spoke nsubj 2 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 4 her case 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 spoke obj 5 then then ADV PronType=Dem 2 spoke advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 mastering punct 7 mastering master VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 spoke advcl 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 heart nmod:poss 9 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 7 mastering obj 10 to to PART _ 11 do mark 11 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 mastering xcomp 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 do obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 spoke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other past He her = she then tree rules 2 master gerund He not said here his heart tree rules 3 do to-infinitive He not said here heart vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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