maul Who acts: toddler, players, player, heavy hammer, bear, you · What happens: attack, hurt, handle, maul, beat, criticise · To what, where: something, cake, team, player, ball, wood
«maul» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: maul in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To attack and hurt badly with claws and teeth, as a bear or big cat might.
The tree, 16 words mark cc conj advmod case obl cc conj punct case det conj cc amod conj conj punct root To PART attack VERB and CCONJ hurt VERB badly ADV with ADP claws NOUN and CCONJ teeth NOUN , PUNCT as ADP a DET bear NOUN or CCONJ big ADJ cat NOUN might AUX . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 attack mark 2 attack attack VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 hurt cc 4 hurt hurt VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 attack conj 5 badly badly ADV Degree=Pos 2 attack advmod 6 with with ADP _ 7 claws case 7 claws claw NOUN Number=Plur 2 attack obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 teeth cc 9 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 7 claws conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 bear punct 11 as as ADP _ 13 bear case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 bear det 13 bear bear NOUN Number=Sing 7 claws conj 14 or or CCONJ _ 16 cat cc 15 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 16 cat amod 16 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 13 bear conj 17 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 claws conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 attack punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 attack to-infinitive with claws and teeth and a bear or big cat; badly property vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 hurt infinitive vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To handle something or someone roughly: the toddler mauled the cake.
mark advcl obj cc conj advmod punct det nsubj det obj punct root To PART handle VERB something PRON or CCONJ someone PRON roughly ADV : PUNCT the DET toddler NOUN mauled VERB the DET cake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 handle mark 2 handle handle VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 mauled advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 handle obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 someone cc 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 something conj 6 roughly roughly ADV _ 5 someone advmod 7 : : PUNCT _ 10 mauled punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 toddler det 9 toddler toddler NOUN Number=Sing 10 mauled nsubj 10 mauled maul VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 cake det 12 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 10 mauled obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 mauled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 handle to-infinitive the toddler not said here something vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 maul past the toddler the cake tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
To beat a team or person very heavily, or to criticise strongly.
mark advcl det obj cc conj advmod advmod punct cc mark advmod punct root To PART beat VERB a DET team NOUN or CCONJ person NOUN very ADV heavily ADV , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART criticise VERB strongly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 beat mark 2 beat beat VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 criticise advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 team det 4 team team NOUN Number=Sing 2 beat obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 person cc 6 person person NOUN Number=Sing 4 team conj 7 very very ADV _ 8 heavily advmod 8 heavily heavily ADV _ 2 beat advmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 criticise punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 criticise cc 11 to to PART _ 12 criticise mark 12 criticise criticise VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 13 strongly strongly ADV _ 12 criticise advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 12 criticise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 beat to-infinitive a team or person heavily property vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location team=Theme 2 criticise to-infinitive strongly property tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: noun, rugby — kept apart, not parsed.
A group of players pushing together around the player holding the ball.
det case nmod acl advmod case det obl acl det obj punct root A DET group NOUN of ADP players NOUN pushing VERB together ADV around ADP the DET player NOUN holding VERB the DET ball NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 group det 2 group group NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 players case 4 players player NOUN Number=Plur 2 group nmod 5 pushing push VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 players acl 6 together together ADV _ 5 pushing advmod 7 around around ADP _ 9 player case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 player det 9 player player NOUN Number=Sing 5 pushing obl 10 holding hold VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 player acl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 ball det 12 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 10 holding obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 group punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 push together gerund players not said here the player together property vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent around player=Trajectory 2 hold gerund the player not said here the ball vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme
Meaning 5 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
A heavy hammer for splitting wood.
det amod mark acl obj punct root A DET heavy ADJ hammer NOUN for SCONJ splitting VERB wood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 hammer det 2 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 hammer amod 3 hammer hammer NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 for for SCONJ _ 5 splitting mark 5 splitting split VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 hammer acl 6 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 5 splitting obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 hammer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 split gerund a heavy hammer not said here wood vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wood=Patient
Example 1 The hiker was mauled by a bear but survived.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl cc conj punct root The DET hiker NOUN was AUX mauled VERB by ADP a DET bear NOUN but CCONJ survived VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hiker det 2 hiker hiker NOUN Number=Sing 4 mauled nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 mauled aux:pass 4 mauled maul VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 7 bear case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bear det 7 bear bear NOUN Number=Sing 4 mauled obl 8 but but CCONJ _ 9 survived cc 9 survived survive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 mauled conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 mauled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 maul past · passive a bear the hiker tree rules 2 survive past a bear not said here vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Never tease a dog; it might maul you.
advmod det obj punct nsubj aux conj obj punct root Never ADV tease VERB a DET dog NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON might AUX maul VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 tease advmod 2 tease tease VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 dog det 4 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 2 tease obj 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 maul punct 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 maul nsubj 7 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 maul aux 8 maul maul VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 tease conj 9 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 maul obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 tease punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not tease imperative you not said here a dog vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient 2 maul might dog you tree rules
Example 3 Stop mauling the bread with your dirty hands!
xcomp det obj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root Stop VERB mauling VERB the DET bread NOUN with ADP your PRON dirty ADJ hands NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 mauling maul VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 bread det 4 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 2 mauling obj 5 with with ADP _ 8 hands case 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 hands nmod:poss 7 dirty dirty ADJ Degree=Pos 8 hands amod 8 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 2 mauling obl 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 maul gerund you not said here the bread with your dirty hands tree rules
Example 4 Our team got mauled ten-nil.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass nummod punct obj punct root Our PRON team NOUN got AUX mauled VERB ten NUM - PUNCT nil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 team nmod:poss 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 4 mauled nsubj:pass 3 got get AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 mauled aux:pass 4 mauled maul VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 nil nummod 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 ten punct 7 nil nil NOUN Number=Sing 4 mauled obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 mauled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 maul past · passive Our team tree rules
Example 5 The critics mauled the new film.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET critics NOUN mauled VERB the DET new ADJ film NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 critics det 2 critics critic NOUN Number=Plur 3 mauled nsubj 3 mauled maul VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 film det 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 film amod 6 film film NOUN Number=Sing 3 mauled obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 mauled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 maul past the critics the new film tree rules
Example 6 The rugby players formed a maul.
det compound nsubj det obj punct root The DET rugby NOUN players NOUN formed VERB a DET maul NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 players det 2 rugby rugby NOUN Number=Sing 3 players compound 3 players player NOUN Number=Plur 4 formed nsubj 4 formed form VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 maul det 6 maul maul NOUN Number=Sing 4 formed obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 formed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 form past the rugby players a maul vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location maul=Theme
Example 7 Dad split the logs with a maul.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root Dad NOUN split VERB the DET logs NOUN with ADP a DET maul NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 split nsubj 2 split split VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 logs det 4 logs log NOUN Number=Plur 2 split obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 maul case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 maul det 7 maul maul NOUN Number=Sing 2 split obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 split punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 split past Dad the logs with a maul vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent log=Patient with maul=Instrument
Example 8 The cat mauled my toy mouse.
det nsubj nmod:poss compound obj punct root The DET cat NOUN mauled VERB my PRON toy NOUN mouse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 3 mauled nsubj 3 mauled maul VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 mouse nmod:poss 5 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 6 mouse compound 6 mouse mouse NOUN Number=Sing 3 mauled obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 mauled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 maul past the cat my toy mouse tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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