melanin Who acts: Melanin, that, sun, Freckles, Skin, you · What happens: be, give, help, protect, ray, make · To what, where: natural dark substance, skin, colour, eyes, spots, more melanin
«melanin» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: melanin in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Melanin is the natural dark substance in skin, hair and eyes that gives them their colour.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop det amod amod case nmod punct appos cc conj nsubj parataxis iobj nmod:poss obj punct root Melanin NOUN is AUX the DET natural ADJ dark ADJ substance NOUN in ADP skin NOUN , PUNCT hair NOUN and CCONJ eyes NOUN that PRON gives VERB them PRON their PRON colour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Melanin melanin NOUN Number=Sing 6 substance nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 substance cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 substance det 4 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 6 substance amod 5 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 6 substance amod 6 substance substance NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 in in ADP _ 8 skin case 8 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 6 substance nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 hair punct 10 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 6 substance appos 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 eyes cc 12 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 10 hair conj 13 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 gives nsubj 14 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 substance parataxis 15 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 gives iobj 16 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 colour nmod:poss 17 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 14 gives obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 substance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Melanin the natural dark substance skin tree rules 2 give present that eyes's colour eyes = eye vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient colour=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Melanin helps protect skin from the sun's harmful rays.
nsubj xcomp obj case det nmod:poss case amod obl punct root Melanin NOUN helps VERB protect VERB skin NOUN from ADP the DET sun NOUN 's PART harmful ADJ rays NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Melanin melanin NOUN Number=Sing 2 helps nsubj 2 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 helps xcomp 4 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 3 protect obj 5 from from ADP _ 10 rays case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sun det 7 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 10 rays nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 sun case 9 harmful harmful ADJ Degree=Pos 10 rays amod 10 rays ray NOUN Number=Plur 3 protect obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Melanin vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 protect infinitive Melanin not said here skin from the sun's harmful rays vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Beneficiary from ray=Theme 3 ray the sun nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 Melanin gives your skin its colour.
nsubj nmod:poss obj nmod:poss obj punct root Melanin NOUN gives VERB your PRON skin NOUN its PRON colour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Melanin melanin NOUN Number=Sing 2 gives nsubj 2 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 skin nmod:poss 4 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 2 gives obj 5 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 colour nmod:poss 6 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 2 gives obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 gives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present Melanin your skin vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent skin=Recipient colour=Theme
Example 2 Freckles are spots with more melanin.
nsubj cop case amod nmod punct root Freckles NOUN are AUX spots NOUN with ADP more ADJ melanin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Freckles freckle NOUN Number=Plur 3 spots nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 spots cop 3 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 with with ADP _ 6 melanin case 5 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 melanin amod 6 melanin melanin NOUN Number=Sing 3 spots nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 spots punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Freckles spots with more melanin tree rules
Example 3 Skin makes more melanin in the sun, so you tan.
nsubj amod obj case det obl punct advmod nsubj parataxis punct root Skin NOUN makes VERB more ADJ melanin NOUN in ADP the DET sun NOUN , PUNCT so ADV you PRON tan VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes nsubj 2 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 melanin amod 4 melanin melanin NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 sun case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sun det 7 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 tan punct 9 so so ADV _ 11 tan advmod 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 tan nsubj 11 tan tan VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 makes parataxis 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Skin more melanin the sun vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset melanin=Product 2 tan present you vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Even with lots of melanin, you still need sun cream.
advmod case case nmod punct nsubj advmod parataxis compound obj punct root Even ADV with ADP lots NOUN of ADP melanin NOUN , PUNCT you PRON still ADV need VERB sun NOUN cream NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Even even ADV _ 3 lots advmod 2 with with ADP _ 3 lots case 3 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 of of ADP _ 5 melanin case 5 melanin melanin NOUN Number=Sing 3 lots nmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 need punct 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 need nsubj 8 still still ADV _ 9 need advmod 9 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 lots parataxis 10 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 11 cream compound 11 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 9 need obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 lots punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present you sun cream still vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot cream=Theme
Example 5 People with albinism have very little melanin.
nsubj case nmod advmod amod obj punct root People NOUN with ADP albinism NOUN have VERB very ADV little ADJ melanin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 4 have nsubj 2 with with ADP _ 3 albinism case 3 albinism albinism NOUN Number=Sing 1 People nmod 4 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 very very ADV _ 6 little advmod 6 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 7 melanin amod 7 melanin melanin NOUN Number=Sing 4 have obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present People with albinism little melanin vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent melanin=Patient
Example 6 Melanin also colours your hair and eyes.
compound advmod nmod:poss nmod cc conj punct root Melanin PROPN also ADV colours NOUN your PRON hair NOUN and CCONJ eyes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Melanin Melanin PROPN Number=Sing 3 colours compound 2 also also ADV _ 3 colours advmod 3 colours colour NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 hair nmod:poss 5 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 3 colours nmod 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 eyes cc 7 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 5 hair conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 colours punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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