mesa

Who acts: Mesa, We, Erosion, butte, cowboy · What happens: find, mean, name, be, see, turn · To what, where: hill, dry places, table, red mesas, desert, plateau · Speech: someone speaks here

«mesa» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: mesa in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: geography — kept apart, not parsed.

A hill or mountain with steep sides and a large, flat top, found in dry places like the south-west USA and parts of Australia.

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 hill	det
2	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 mountain	cc
4	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hill	conj
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 sides	case
6	steep	steep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sides	amod
7	sides	side	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 mountain	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 top	cc
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 top	det
10	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 top	amod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 large	punct
12	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 top	amod
13	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hill	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 found	punct
15	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 hill	acl
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 places	case
17	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 places	amod
18	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 found	obl
19	like	like	ADP	_	24 USA	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 USA	det
21	south	south	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 west	compound
22	-	-	PUNCT	_	21 south	punct
23	west	west	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 USA	amod
24	USA	USA	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 places	nmod
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 parts	cc
26	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 USA	conj
27	of	of	ADP	_	28 Australia	case
28	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	26 parts	nmod
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 hill	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	participle		a hill or mountain with steep sides and a large flat top not said here		dry places like the west USA and parts of Australia			vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: Spanish — kept apart, not parsed.

«Mesa» means «table» in Spanish; the hill is named for its table-like shape.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Mesa	punct
2	Mesa	Mesa	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 means	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Mesa	punct
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 table	punct
6	table	table	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	obj
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 table	punct
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 Spanish	case
9	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 means	obl
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 named	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 hill	det
12	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 named	nsubj:pass
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 named	aux:pass
14	named	name	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 means	parataxis
15	for	for	ADP	_	20 shape	case
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 shape	nmod:poss
17	table	table	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 like	compound
18	-	-	PUNCT	_	17 table	punct
19	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 shape	amod
20	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 named	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Mesa	table				in Spanish	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot table=Theme in spanish=Attribute
2	name	present · passive		the hill				for hill's like shape	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Example 1

A mesa is a hill with a flat top like a table.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 mesa	det
2	mesa	mesa	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hill	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hill	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 hill	det
5	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	9 top	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 top	det
8	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 top	amod
9	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hill	nmod
10	like	like	ADP	_	12 table	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 table	det
12	table	table	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 top	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 hill	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a mesa	a hill				with a flat top like a table	tree rules

Example 2

We saw red mesas in the desert in Arizona.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 saw	nsubj
2	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 mesas	amod
4	mesas	mesa	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 saw	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 desert	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 desert	det
7	desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 saw	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 Arizona	case
9	Arizona	Arizona	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 desert	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 saw	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	past	We	red mesas		the desert in Arizona			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mesa=Stimulus

Example 3

Erosion slowly turned the plateau into mesas.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	nsubj
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	3 turned	advmod
3	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 plateau	det
5	plateau	plateau	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	obj
6	into	into	ADP	_	7 mesas	case
7	mesas	mesa	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 turned	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 turned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	past	Erosion	the plateau		mesas		slowly property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent plateau=Theme into mesa=Trajectory

Example 4

A butte is smaller and narrower than a mesa.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 butte	det
2	butte	butte	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 smaller	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 smaller	cop
4	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 narrower	cc
6	narrower	narrow	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 smaller	conj
7	than	than	ADP	_	9 mesa	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 mesa	det
9	mesa	mesa	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 narrower	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 smaller	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a butte					small property	tree rules
2	be		a butte not said here					than a mesa	tree rules

Example 5

The old village was built on top of a mesa for safety.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 village	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 village	amod
3	village	village	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 built	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 built	aux:pass
5	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	on	on	ADP	_	7 top	case
7	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 built	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 mesa	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 mesa	det
10	mesa	mesa	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 top	nmod
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 safety	case
12	safety	safety	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 mesa	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 built	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	past · passive		the old village		top of a mesa for safety			vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on top=Source

Example 6

«Mesa» means «table» in Spanish.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Mesa	punct
2	Mesa	Mesa	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 means	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Mesa	punct
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 table	punct
6	table	table	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	obj
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 table	punct
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 Spanish	case
9	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 means	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Mesa	table				in Spanish	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot table=Theme in spanish=Attribute

Example 7

The cowboy rode past the tall mesa.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cowboy	det
2	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rode	nsubj
3	rode	ride	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	past	past	ADP	_	7 mesa	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 mesa	det
6	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 mesa	amod
7	mesa	mesa	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rode	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 rode	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ride	past	the cowboy			the tall mesa			vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent past mesa=Trajectory

Example 8

In Australia, flat-topped hills like mesas are sometimes called «jump-ups».

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Australia	case
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 called	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Australia	punct
4	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 topped	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 flat	punct
6	topped	top	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 hills	amod
7	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 called	nsubj:pass
8	like	like	ADP	_	9 mesas	case
9	mesas	mesa	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 hills	nmod
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 called	aux:pass
11	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	12 called	advmod
12	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
13	«	«	PUNCT	_	16 ups	punct
14	jump	jump	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 ups	compound
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 jump	punct
16	ups	up	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 called	xcomp
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 ups	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 called	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	top	participle							vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
2	call	present · passive		topped hills like mesas		Australia		sometimes property	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/mesa/