must Who acts: something, it, You, Gotta, I, everyday words · What happens: mean, have, happen, need, be, wear · To what, where: it, rule, shoes, something, everyday words, gotta · Speech: someone speaks here
«must» in the school dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: must in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Must means something has to happen; it is needed or it is a rule: «You must wear shoes.».
The tree, 18 words aux nsubj ccomp mark xcomp punct nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis cc nsubj cop det conj punct punct nsubj aux parataxis obj punct punct punct root Must AUX means VERB something PRON has VERB to PART happen VERB ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX needed VERB or CCONJ it PRON is AUX a DET rule NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT You PRON must AUX wear VERB shoes NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 2 means aux 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 means ccomp 5 to to PART _ 6 happen mark 6 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 has xcomp 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 needed punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 needed nsubj:pass 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 needed aux:pass 10 needed need VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means parataxis 11 or or CCONJ _ 15 rule cc 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 rule nsubj 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 rule cop 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 rule det 15 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 10 needed conj 16 : : PUNCT _ 20 wear punct 17 « « PUNCT _ 20 wear punct 18 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 20 wear nsubj 19 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 20 wear aux 20 wear wear VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 means parataxis 21 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 20 wear obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 20 wear punct 23 » » PUNCT _ 20 wear punct 24 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean must vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have present something tree rules 3 happen to-infinitive something not said here vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 need present · passive it vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme 5 is a present it a rule tree rules 6 wear in a quote must You shoes vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Must also means you are almost sure something is true: «You must be tired.».
The tree, 14 words aux advmod nsubj cop advmod ccomp nsubj cop ccomp punct punct nsubj aux cop parataxis punct punct punct root Must AUX also ADV means VERB you PRON are AUX almost ADV sure ADJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT You PRON must AUX be AUX tired ADJ . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 means aux 2 also also ADV _ 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 sure nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 sure cop 6 almost almost ADV _ 7 sure advmod 7 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 3 means ccomp 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 true nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 true cop 10 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sure ccomp 11 : : PUNCT _ 16 tired punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 16 tired punct 13 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 16 tired nsubj 14 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 16 tired aux 15 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 16 tired cop 16 tired tired ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sure parataxis 17 . . PUNCT _ 16 tired punct 18 » » PUNCT _ 16 tired punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean must vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 is present you almost, sure property tree rules 3 is present something true property tree rules 4 is in a quote must You tired property tree rules
Meaning 3 «Must not» means it is not allowed.
punct aux advmod punct nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod ccomp punct root « PUNCT Must AUX not PART » PUNCT means VERB it PRON is AUX not PART allowed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 not punct 2 Must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 not aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 means advmod 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 not punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 allowed nsubj:pass 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 allowed aux:pass 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 allowed advmod 9 allowed allow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 means ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 not allow present · passive it vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary
Meaning 4 A must is something you really should do or have: «Sunscreen is a must.».
The tree, 14 words det aux cop nsubj advmod aux acl:relcl cc conj punct punct appos cop det acl:relcl punct punct punct root A DET must AUX is AUX something PRON you PRON really ADV should AUX do VERB or CCONJ have VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT Sunscreen NOUN is AUX a DET must AUX . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 something det 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 something aux 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 do nsubj 6 really really ADV _ 8 do advmod 7 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 do aux 8 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 something acl:relcl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 have cc 10 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 do conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 13 Sunscreen punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 13 Sunscreen punct 13 Sunscreen sunscreen NOUN Number=Sing 4 something appos 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 must cop 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 must det 16 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 Sunscreen acl:relcl 17 . . PUNCT _ 13 Sunscreen punct 18 » » PUNCT _ 13 Sunscreen punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a must something tree rules 2 do should you vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 have infinitive you not said here vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 5 «Must have» + past form means you are almost sure about the past: «It must have rained.».
The tree, 17 words punct aux nsubj punct cc amod conj nsubj cop advmod ccomp case det obl punct punct nsubj:pass aux aux parataxis punct punct punct root « PUNCT Must AUX have VERB » PUNCT + SYM past ADJ form NOUN means VERB you PRON are AUX almost ADV sure ADJ about ADP the DET past NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT It PRON must AUX have AUX rained VERB . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 have punct 2 Must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 have aux 3 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 have punct 5 + + SYM _ 7 form cc 6 past past ADJ Degree=Pos 7 form amod 7 form form NOUN Number=Sing 3 have conj 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 sure nsubj 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 sure cop 11 almost almost ADV _ 12 sure advmod 12 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 8 means ccomp 13 about about ADP _ 15 past case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 past det 15 past past NOUN Number=Sing 12 sure obl 16 : : PUNCT _ 21 rained punct 17 « « PUNCT _ 21 rained punct 18 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 rained nsubj:pass 19 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 21 rained aux 20 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 21 rained aux 21 rained rain VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 means parataxis 22 . . PUNCT _ 21 rained punct 23 » » PUNCT _ 21 rained punct 24 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have in a quote must vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 is present you about the past; almost, sure property tree rules 4 rain in a quote must · perfect · passive It tree rules
Meaning 6 Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.
«Gotta» and «have to» are the everyday words for must: «gotta go», «I've gotta save 30 more».
The tree, 18 words punct nsubj punct cc punct conj xcomp punct cop det amod nsubj case acl:relcl punct punct nsubj parataxis punct punct punct nsubj parataxis obj nummod obj punct punct root « PUNCT Gotta PROPN » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT have VERB to PART » PUNCT are AUX the DET everyday ADJ words NOUN for ADP must AUX : PUNCT « PUNCT gotta NOUN go VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT I PRON 've VERB gotta X save VERB 30 NUM more ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Gotta punct 2 Gotta Gotta PROPN Number=Sing 12 words nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Gotta punct 4 and and CCONJ _ 6 have cc 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 have punct 6 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 Gotta conj 7 to to PART _ 6 have xcomp 8 » » PUNCT _ 2 Gotta punct 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 words cop 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 words det 11 everyday everyday ADJ Degree=Pos 12 words amod 12 words word NOUN Number=Plur 25 save nsubj 13 for for ADP _ 14 must case 14 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 words acl:relcl 15 : : PUNCT _ 18 go punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 18 go punct 17 gotta gotta NOUN Number=Sing 18 go nsubj 18 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 words parataxis 19 » » PUNCT _ 18 go punct 20 , , PUNCT _ 23 've punct 21 « « PUNCT _ 23 've punct 22 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 23 've nsubj 23 've have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 go parataxis 24 gotta gotta X Foreign=Yes 23 've obj 25 save save VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 26 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 27 more nummod 27 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 25 save obj 28 » » PUNCT _ 27 more punct 29 . . PUNCT _ 25 save punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have in a quote present Gotta not said here vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is a present Gotta the everyday words tree rules 3 go in a quote infinitive gotta vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 have in a quote present I gotta vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gotta=Patient 5 save in a quote present the everyday words 30 more vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme
Meaning 7 Usage: rough, sarcastic — kept apart, not parsed.
«Must you?» means stop it, you are annoying; «if you must» means I don't like it, but fine.
The tree, 19 words punct aux nsubj punct punct ccomp obj punct nsubj cop parataxis punct punct mark nsubj aux punct parataxis nsubj aux advmod ccomp obj punct cc conj punct root « PUNCT Must AUX you PRON ? PUNCT » PUNCT means VERB stop VERB it PRON , PUNCT you PRON are AUX annoying ADJ ; PUNCT « PUNCT if SCONJ you PRON must AUX » PUNCT means VERB I PRON do AUX n't PART like VERB it PRON , PUNCT but CCONJ fine ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Must punct 2 Must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 means aux 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 Must nsubj 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 Must punct 5 » » PUNCT _ 2 Must punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means ccomp 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 stop obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 annoying punct 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 annoying nsubj 11 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 annoying cop 12 annoying annoying ADJ Degree=Pos 7 stop parataxis 13 ; ; PUNCT _ 19 means punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 19 means punct 15 if if SCONJ _ 17 must mark 16 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 17 must nsubj 17 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 19 means aux 18 » » PUNCT _ 17 must punct 19 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 means parataxis 20 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 23 like nsubj 21 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 like aux 22 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 23 like advmod 23 like like VERB VerbForm=Inf 19 means ccomp 24 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 like obj 25 , , PUNCT _ 27 fine punct 26 but but CCONJ _ 27 fine cc 27 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 6 means conj 28 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean must vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 stop infinitive it vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality 3 is present you annoying property tree rules 4 mean must vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 5 not like present · do-support I it vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot it=Theme
Meaning 8 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
«Shall», «is required to», «is obliged to» and «it is necessary that» are the stiff words: «Each candidate shall provide…».
The tree, 20 words punct aux punct punct punct aux:pass amod obl punct punct punct aux:pass conj obl punct cc punct expl cop conj nsubj punct cop det amod punct punct det nsubj aux parataxis punct punct punct root « PUNCT Shall AUX » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT is AUX required VERB to ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT is AUX obliged VERB to ADP » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT it PRON is AUX necessary ADJ that PRON » PUNCT are AUX the DET stiff ADJ words NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Each DET candidate NOUN shall AUX provide VERB … PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 7 required punct 2 Shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 required aux 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Shall punct 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 required punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 7 required punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 required aux:pass 7 required require VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 26 words amod 8 to to ADP _ 7 required obl 9 » » PUNCT _ 7 required punct 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 obliged punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 13 obliged punct 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 obliged aux:pass 13 obliged oblige VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 required conj 14 to to ADP _ 13 obliged obl 15 » » PUNCT _ 13 obliged punct 16 and and CCONJ _ 20 necessary cc 17 « « PUNCT _ 20 necessary punct 18 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 necessary expl 19 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 necessary cop 20 necessary necessary ADJ Degree=Pos 13 obliged conj 21 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 20 necessary nsubj 22 » » PUNCT _ 20 necessary punct 23 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 26 words cop 24 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 words det 25 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 26 words amod 26 words word NOUN Number=Plur root root 27 : : PUNCT _ 32 provide punct 28 « « PUNCT _ 32 provide punct 29 Each each DET PronType=Tot 30 candidate det 30 candidate candidate NOUN Number=Sing 32 provide nsubj 31 shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 32 provide aux 32 provide provide VERB VerbForm=Inf 26 words parataxis 33 … . PUNCT _ 32 provide punct 34 » » PUNCT _ 32 provide punct 35 . . PUNCT _ 26 words punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 require in a quote shall · passive vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF» 2 oblige in a quote present · passive vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP» 3 is in a quote present that necessary property tree rules 4 is a present the required stiff words tree rules 5 provide in a quote shall each candidate vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition
Example 1 How many more pages must she read?
advmod amod amod nsubj aux nsubj punct root How ADV many ADJ more ADJ pages NOUN must AUX she PRON read VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 4 pages amod 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 pages amod 4 pages page NOUN Number=Plur 7 read nsubj 5 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 read aux 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 read nsubj 7 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read must many more pages vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 He must save 30 dollars more.
nsubj aux nummod obj appos punct root He PRON must AUX save VERB 30 NUM dollars NOUN more ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 save nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 save aux 3 save save VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 dollars nummod 5 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 3 save obj 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 dollars appos 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 save punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 save must He 30 dollars vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dollar=Theme
Example 3 Each box must hold 6 eggs.
det nsubj aux nummod obj punct root Each DET box NOUN must AUX hold VERB 6 NUM eggs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 box det 2 box box NOUN Number=Sing 4 hold nsubj 3 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 hold aux 4 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 eggs nummod 6 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 4 hold obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold must each box 6 eggs vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Theme
Example 4 How many buses must they rent?
advmod amod nsubj aux nsubj punct root How ADV many ADJ buses NOUN must AUX they PRON rent VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 buses amod 3 buses bus NOUN Number=Plur 6 rent nsubj 4 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 rent aux 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 rent nsubj 6 rent rent VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 rent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rent must many buses vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
Example 5 You must not swim without a grown-up.
nsubj aux advmod case det compound punct obl punct root You PRON must AUX not PART swim VERB without ADP a DET grown NOUN - PUNCT up NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 swim nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 swim aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 swim advmod 4 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 without without ADP _ 9 up case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 up det 7 grown grown NOUN Number=Sing 9 up compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 9 up punct 9 up up NOUN Number=Sing 4 swim obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not swim must You without a grown up vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Everyone must wear a helmet on a bike.
nsubj aux det obj case det nmod punct root Everyone PRON must AUX wear VERB a DET helmet NOUN on ADP a DET bike NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 3 wear nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 wear aux 3 wear wear VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 helmet det 5 helmet helmet NOUN Number=Sing 3 wear obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 bike case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 bike det 8 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 5 helmet nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear must Everyone a helmet a bike vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme
Example 7 The grass is wet, so it must have rained.
det nsubj cop punct advmod nsubj:pass aux aux conj punct root The DET grass NOUN is AUX wet ADJ , PUNCT so ADV it PRON must AUX have AUX rained VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 grass det 2 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 4 wet nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 wet cop 4 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 10 rained punct 6 so so ADV _ 10 rained advmod 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 rained nsubj:pass 8 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 rained aux 9 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 rained aux 10 rained rain VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 wet conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 wet punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the grass wet property tree rules 2 rain must · perfect · passive it tree rules
Example 8 You must be hungry after the long walk.
nsubj aux cop case det amod obl punct root You PRON must AUX be AUX hungry ADJ after ADP the DET long ADJ walk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 hungry nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 hungry aux 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 hungry cop 4 hungry hungry ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 after after ADP _ 8 walk case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 walk det 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 8 walk amod 8 walk walk NOUN Number=Sing 4 hungry obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 hungry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is must You after the long walk hungry property tree rules
Example 9 gotta get 30 more bucks before sat, how many weeks at 5 a week (casual)
The tree, 15 words mark nummod amod obj case obl punct advmod amod conj case obl det nmod:unmarked punct amod punct root gotta PART get VERB 30 NUM more ADJ bucks NOUN before ADP sat NOUN , PUNCT how ADV many ADJ weeks NOUN at ADP 5 NUM a DET week NOUN ( PUNCT casual ADJ ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 gotta gotta PART _ 2 get mark 2 get get VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 bucks nummod 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 bucks amod 5 bucks buck NOUN Number=Plur 2 get obj 6 before before ADP _ 7 sat case 7 sat sat NOUN Number=Sing 2 get obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 weeks punct 9 how how ADV PronType=Int 10 many advmod 10 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 11 weeks amod 11 weeks week NOUN Number=Plur 7 sat conj 12 at at ADP _ 13 5 case 13 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 get obl 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 week det 15 week week NOUN Number=Sing 13 5 nmod:unmarked 16 ( ( PUNCT _ 17 casual punct 17 casual casual ADJ Degree=Pos 15 week amod 18 ) ) PUNCT _ 17 casual punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get imperative 30 more bucks 5 a week before sat and many weeks vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent buck=Theme at 5=Asset
Example 10 Must you bang that drum? Give it a rest. (rough)
Sentence 1: Must you bang that drum?
aux nsubj det obj punct root Must AUX you PRON bang VERB that DET drum NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 bang aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 bang nsubj 3 bang bang VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 drum det 5 drum drum NOUN Number=Sing 3 bang obj 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 bang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bang must you that drum vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location drum=Theme
Sentence 2: Give it a rest.
iobj det obj punct root Give VERB it PRON a DET rest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Give iobj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 rest det 4 rest rest NOUN Number=Sing 1 Give obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 1 Give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give imperative you not said here a rest drum vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient rest=Theme
Sentence 3: (rough)
punct punct root ( PUNCT rough ADJ ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 rough punct 2 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 rough punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 11 That film is a must-see.
det nsubj cop det aux punct punct root That DET film NOUN is AUX a DET must AUX - PUNCT see VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 film det 2 film film NOUN Number=Sing 7 see nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 see cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 see det 5 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 see aux 6 - - PUNCT _ 7 see punct 7 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 see punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is must · present that film see property tree rules
Example 12 Each vehicle is required to accommodate 40 passengers; determine the minimum number of vehicles necessitated for 130 persons. (formal exam)
Sentence 1: Each vehicle is required to accommodate 40 passengers; determine the minimum number of vehicles necessitated for 130 persons.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj:pass aux:pass mark xcomp nummod obj punct conj det amod obj case nmod acl case nummod obl punct root Each DET vehicle NOUN is AUX required VERB to PART accommodate VERB 40 NUM passengers NOUN ; PUNCT determine VERB the DET minimum ADJ number NOUN of ADP vehicles NOUN necessitated VERB for ADP 130 NUM persons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 vehicle det 2 vehicle vehicle NOUN Number=Sing 4 required nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 required aux:pass 4 required require VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 to to PART _ 6 accommodate mark 6 accommodate accommodate VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 required xcomp 7 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 passengers nummod 8 passengers passenger NOUN Number=Plur 6 accommodate obj 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 determine punct 10 determine determine VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 required conj 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 number det 12 minimum minimum ADJ Degree=Pos 13 number amod 13 number number NOUN Number=Sing 10 determine obj 14 of of ADP _ 15 vehicles case 15 vehicles vehicle NOUN Number=Plur 13 number nmod 16 necessitated necessitate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 vehicles acl 17 for for ADP _ 19 persons case 18 130 130 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 19 persons nummod 19 persons person NOUN Number=Plur 16 necessitated obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 required punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 require present · passive each vehicle vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic 2 accommodate to-infinitive 40 passengers vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passenger=Patient 3 determine infinitive the minimum number of vehicles vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic 4 necessitate participle vehicles not said here for 130 persons vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme
Sentence 2: (formal exam)
punct amod punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ exam NOUN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 exam punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 3 exam amod 3 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 exam punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 13 I must know more of them."
nsubj aux obj case nmod punct punct root I PRON must AUX know VERB more ADJ of ADP them PRON . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 know nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 know aux 3 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 know obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 them case 6 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 more nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 know punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 3 know punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know must I more of them vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer more=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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