muttering Who acts: he, we, old man, match, you, I · What happens: e, mutter, form, complain, hear, walk off · To what, where: form, himself, mutter, back, discontent, man · Speech: someone speaks here
«muttering» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: muttering in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: verb form — kept apart, not parsed.
-ing form of mutter: he was muttering to himself.
punct obj case nmod punct nsubj aux conj case obl punct root - PUNCT ing VERB form NOUN of ADP mutter NOUN : PUNCT he PRON was AUX muttering VERB to ADP himself PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 - - PUNCT _ 2 ing punct 2 ing e VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 3 form form NOUN Number=Sing 2 ing obj 4 of of ADP _ 5 mutter case 5 mutter mutter NOUN Number=Sing 3 form nmod 6 : : PUNCT _ 9 muttering punct 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 muttering nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 muttering aux 9 muttering mutter VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 ing conj 10 to to ADP _ 11 himself case 11 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 9 muttering obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 ing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 e gerund form of mutter tree rules 2 mutter speech: assert past · progressive he himself = he vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient 3 form mutter nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
Quiet, unclear speech, often complaining: we heard muttering at the back.
The tree, 11 words amod punct amod punct advmod conj punct nsubj conj xcomp case det obl punct root Quiet ADJ , PUNCT unclear ADJ speech NOUN , PUNCT often ADV complaining VERB : PUNCT we PRON heard VERB muttering VERB at ADP the DET back NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos 4 speech amod 2 , , PUNCT _ 4 speech punct 3 unclear unclear ADJ Degree=Pos 4 speech amod 4 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 complaining punct 6 often often ADV _ 7 complaining advmod 7 complaining complain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 speech conj 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 heard punct 9 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 heard nsubj 10 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 speech conj 11 muttering mutter VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 heard xcomp 12 at at ADP _ 14 back case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 back det 14 back back NOUN Number=Sing 11 muttering obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 speech punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 complain speech: other gerund often property vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 hear past we vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 3 mutter speech: assert gerund we not said here the back vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: mutterings, plural — kept apart, not parsed.
Quiet complaints or rumours from a group: mutterings of discontent.
amod nsubj cc case det nmod punct conj case nmod punct root Quiet ADJ complaints NOUN or CCONJ rumours NOUN from ADP a DET group NOUN : PUNCT mutterings NOUN of ADP discontent NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos 2 complaints amod 2 complaints complaint NOUN Number=Plur 4 rumours nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 rumours cc 4 rumours rumour NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 from from ADP _ 7 group case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 group det 7 group group NOUN Number=Sing 4 rumours nmod 8 : : PUNCT _ 9 mutterings punct 9 mutterings muttering NOUN Number=Plur 4 rumours conj 10 of of ADP _ 11 discontent case 11 discontent discontent NOUN Number=Sing 9 mutterings nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 rumours punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mutter discontent nom muttering «event transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 The old man walked off, muttering to himself.
det amod nsubj compound:prt punct advcl case obl punct root The DET old ADJ man NOUN walked VERB off ADP , PUNCT muttering VERB to ADP himself PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 man det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 man amod 3 man man NOUN Number=Sing 4 walked nsubj 4 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 off off ADP _ 4 walked compound:prt 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 muttering punct 7 muttering mutter VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 walked advcl 8 to to ADP _ 9 himself case 9 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 7 muttering obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk off past the old man vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mutter speech: assert gerund the old man not said here man vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient
Example 2 There was muttering in the crowd when the match was delayed.
expl xcomp case det obl advmod det nsubj cop advcl punct root There PRON was VERB muttering VERB in ADP the DET crowd NOUN when ADV the DET match NOUN was AUX delayed ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 muttering mutter VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 was xcomp 4 in in ADP _ 6 crowd case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 crowd det 6 crowd crowd NOUN Number=Sing 3 muttering obl 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 11 delayed advmod 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 match det 9 match match NOUN Number=Sing 11 delayed nsubj 10 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 delayed cop 11 delayed delayed ADJ Degree=Pos 3 muttering advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past there tree rules 2 mutter speech: assert gerund the crowd vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is past the match delayed property tree rules
Example 3 Stop muttering and tell me what's wrong.
xcomp cc conj iobj nsubj cop ccomp punct root Stop VERB muttering VERB and CCONJ tell VERB me PRON what PRON 's AUX wrong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 muttering mutter VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 tell cc 4 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Stop conj 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 tell iobj 6 what what PRON PronType=Int 8 wrong nsubj 7 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 wrong cop 8 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 4 tell ccomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 mutter speech: assert gerund you not said here vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 tell speech: assert infinitive you not said here me vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient 4 is present wrong property tree rules
Example 4 I could hear her muttering about homework.
nsubj aux obj xcomp case obl punct root I PRON could AUX hear VERB her PRON muttering VERB about ADP homework NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 hear nsubj 2 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 hear aux 3 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 hear obj 5 muttering mutter VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 hear xcomp 6 about about ADP _ 7 homework case 7 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 5 muttering obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 hear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear could I her = she tree rules 2 mutter speech: assert gerund her = she not said here about homework vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about homework=Topic
Example 5 Mutterings spread through the class when the test was announced.
nsubj case det obl advmod det nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct root Mutterings NOUN spread VERB through ADP the DET class NOUN when ADV the DET test NOUN was AUX announced VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mutterings muttering NOUN Number=Plur 2 spread nsubj 2 spread spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 through through ADP _ 5 class case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 class det 5 class class NOUN Number=Sing 2 spread obl 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 announced advmod 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 test det 8 test test NOUN Number=Sing 10 announced nsubj:pass 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 announced aux:pass 10 announced announce VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 spread advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 spread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread present Mutterings the class vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through class=Location 2 announce speech: other past · passive the test vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 6 He was muttering spells from his book.
nsubj aux obj case nmod:poss obl punct root He PRON was AUX muttering VERB spells NOUN from ADP his PRON book NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 muttering nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 muttering aux 3 muttering mutter VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 spells spell NOUN Number=Plur 3 muttering obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 book case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 book nmod:poss 7 book book NOUN Number=Sing 3 muttering obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 muttering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mutter speech: assert past · progressive He spells his book vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spell=Topic
Example 7 But the dwarfs came a step nearer, muttering and whispering.
cc det nsubj det obl:unmarked xcomp punct advcl cc conj punct root But CCONJ the DET dwarfs NOUN came VERB a DET step NOUN nearer ADJ , PUNCT muttering VERB and CCONJ whispering VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 4 came cc 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 dwarfs det 3 dwarfs dwarf NOUN Number=Plur 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 step det 6 step step NOUN Number=Sing 7 nearer obl:unmarked 7 nearer near ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 came xcomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 muttering punct 9 muttering mutter VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 came advcl 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 whispering cc 11 whispering whisper VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 muttering conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past the dwarfs near property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mutter speech: assert gerund the dwarfs not said here vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 whisper speech: assert gerund the dwarfs not said here vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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