narwhal Who acts: narwhal, male, one, long straight spiral tusk, upper lip, male narwhal · What happens: be, have, tusk, grow, call, live · To what, where: whale, tooth, narwhal, long spiral tusk, icy Arctic Ocean, crack · Speech: someone speaks here
«narwhal» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: narwhal in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A narwhal is a whale of the Arctic Ocean; the male usually has one very long straight spiral tusk growing from his upper lip, which is really a tooth.
The tree, 29 words det nsubj cop det case det compound nmod punct det nsubj advmod parataxis nsubj advmod amod amod amod obj acl case nmod:poss amod obl punct nsubj cop advmod det conj punct root A DET narwhal NOUN is AUX a DET whale NOUN of ADP the DET Arctic PROPN Ocean PROPN ; PUNCT the DET male NOUN usually ADV has VERB one NUM very ADV long ADJ straight ADJ spiral ADJ tusk NOUN growing VERB from ADP his PRON upper ADJ lip NOUN , PUNCT which PRON is AUX really ADV a DET tooth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 narwhal det 2 narwhal narwhal NOUN Number=Sing 5 whale nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 whale cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 whale det 5 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 9 Ocean case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Ocean det 8 Arctic Arctic PROPN Number=Sing 9 Ocean compound 9 Ocean Ocean PROPN Number=Sing 5 whale nmod 10 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 has punct 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 male det 12 male male NOUN Number=Sing 14 has nsubj 13 usually usually ADV _ 14 has advmod 14 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 whale parataxis 15 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 20 tusk nsubj 16 very very ADV _ 17 long advmod 17 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 20 tusk amod 18 straight straight ADJ Degree=Pos 20 tusk amod 19 spiral spiral ADJ Degree=Pos 20 tusk amod 20 tusk tusk NOUN Number=Sing 14 has obj 21 growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 20 tusk acl 22 from from ADP _ 25 lip case 23 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 25 lip nmod:poss 24 upper upper ADJ Degree=Pos 25 lip amod 25 lip lip NOUN Number=Sing 21 growing obl 26 , , PUNCT _ 31 tooth punct 27 which which PRON PronType=Rel 31 tooth nsubj 28 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 31 tooth cop 29 really really ADV _ 31 tooth advmod 30 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 31 tooth det 31 tooth tooth NOUN Number=Sing 25 lip conj 32 . . PUNCT _ 5 whale punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a narwhal a whale of the Arctic Ocean tree rules 2 have present the male usually property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 tusk one tree rules 4 grow gerund long straight spiral tusk not said here from male's upper lip and a tooth vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from lip=Patient 5 is a present male's upper lip and a tooth a tooth tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The narwhal is called the unicorn of the sea.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass det xcomp case det nmod punct root The DET narwhal NOUN is AUX called VERB the DET unicorn NOUN of ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 narwhal det 2 narwhal narwhal NOUN Number=Sing 4 called nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 called aux:pass 4 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 unicorn det 6 unicorn unicorn NOUN Number=Sing 4 called xcomp 7 of of ADP _ 9 sea case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 sea det 9 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 6 unicorn nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive the narwhal vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 2 A male narwhal has a long spiral tusk.
det amod nsubj det amod amod obj punct root A DET male ADJ narwhal NOUN has VERB a DET long ADJ spiral ADJ tusk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 narwhal det 2 male male ADJ Degree=Pos 3 narwhal amod 3 narwhal narwhal NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 tusk det 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 8 tusk amod 7 spiral spiral ADJ Degree=Pos 8 tusk amod 8 tusk tusk NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a male narwhal a long spiral tusk vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tusk=Patient
Example 3 The narwhal's tusk is actually a tooth.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop advmod det punct root The DET narwhal NOUN 's PART tusk NOUN is AUX actually ADV a DET tooth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 narwhal det 2 narwhal narwhal NOUN Number=Sing 4 tusk nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 narwhal case 4 tusk tusk NOUN Number=Sing 8 tooth nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 tooth cop 6 actually actually ADV _ 8 tooth advmod 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 tooth det 8 tooth tooth NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 tooth punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the narwhal's tusk a tooth actually property tree rules
Example 4 Narwhals live in the icy Arctic Ocean.
nsubj case det amod compound obl punct root Narwhals NOUN live VERB in ADP the DET icy ADJ Arctic PROPN Ocean PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Narwhals narwhal NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 7 Ocean case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 Ocean det 5 icy icy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 Ocean amod 6 Arctic Arctic PROPN Number=Sing 7 Ocean compound 7 Ocean Ocean PROPN Number=Sing 2 live obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Narwhals the icy Arctic Ocean vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ocean=Location
Example 5 A pod of narwhals came up to breathe through a crack in the ice.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj case nmod advmod mark advcl case det obl case det nmod punct root A DET pod NOUN of ADP narwhals NOUN came VERB up ADV to PART breathe VERB through ADP a DET crack NOUN in ADP the DET ice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pod det 2 pod pod NOUN Number=Sing 5 came nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 narwhals case 4 narwhals narwhal NOUN Number=Plur 2 pod nmod 5 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 up up ADV _ 5 came advmod 7 to to PART _ 8 breathe mark 8 breathe breathe VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 came advcl 9 through through ADP _ 11 crack case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 crack det 11 crack crack NOUN Number=Sing 8 breathe obl 12 in in ADP _ 14 ice case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 ice det 14 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 11 crack nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come up past a pod of narwhals vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 breathe to-infinitive a pod of narwhals not said here a crack in the ice vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 People once sold narwhal tusks as unicorn horns.
nsubj advmod compound obj case compound obl punct root People NOUN once ADV sold VERB narwhal NOUN tusks NOUN as ADP unicorn NOUN horns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 3 sold nsubj 2 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 3 sold advmod 3 sold sell VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 narwhal narwhal NOUN Number=Sing 5 tusks compound 5 tusks tusk NOUN Number=Plur 3 sold obj 6 as as ADP _ 8 horns case 7 unicorn unicorn NOUN Number=Sing 8 horns compound 8 horns horn NOUN Number=Plur 3 sold obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 sold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell past People narwhal tusks as unicorn horns; once property vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tusk=Theme
Example 7 Narwhals can dive more than a kilometre deep.
nsubj aux advmod mark det obl:unmarked advcl punct root Narwhals NOUN can AUX dive VERB more ADJ than SCONJ a DET kilometre NOUN deep ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Narwhals narwhal NOUN Number=Plur 3 dive nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 dive aux 3 dive dive VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 dive advmod 5 than than SCONJ _ 8 deep mark 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 kilometre det 7 kilometre kilometre NOUN Number=Sing 8 deep obl:unmarked 8 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 4 more advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 dive punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dive can Narwhals vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 8 Melting sea ice is a danger for narwhals.
csubj compound obj cop det case nmod punct root Melting VERB sea NOUN ice NOUN is AUX a DET danger NOUN for ADP narwhals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Melting melt VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 danger csubj 2 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 3 ice compound 3 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 1 Melting obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 danger cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 danger det 6 danger danger NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for ADP _ 8 narwhals case 8 narwhals narwhal NOUN Number=Plur 6 danger nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 danger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 melt gerund sea ice vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient ice=Result 2 is a present Melting a danger for narwhals tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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