negation Who acts: Saying, word, it, opposite, I, you · What happens: say, make, mean, add, rain, not be · To what, where: sentence, opposite, negation, something, it, nothing · Speech: someone speaks here
«negation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: negation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Saying «no» or «not»; making a sentence mean the opposite by adding a word like not, never or no.
The tree, 19 words csubj punct discourse punct cc punct conj punct punct conj det obj det obj mark advcl det obj case obl punct obj cc conj root Saying VERB « PUNCT no INTJ » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT not PART » PUNCT ; PUNCT making VERB a DET sentence NOUN mean VERB the DET opposite NOUN by SCONJ adding VERB a DET word NOUN like ADP not PART , PUNCT never ADV or CCONJ no. NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 mean csubj 2 « « PUNCT _ 3 no punct 3 no no INTJ Polarity=Neg 1 Saying discourse 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 no punct 5 or or CCONJ _ 7 not cc 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 not punct 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 1 Saying conj 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 not punct 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 making punct 10 making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Saying conj 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 sentence det 12 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 10 making obj 13 mean mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 opposite det 15 opposite opposite NOUN Number=Sing 13 mean obj 16 by by SCONJ _ 17 adding mark 17 adding add VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 mean advcl 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 word det 19 word word NOUN Number=Sing 17 adding obj 20 like like ADP _ 21 not case 21 not not PART Polarity=Neg 17 adding obl 22 , , PUNCT _ 23 never punct 23 never never ADV PronType=Neg 13 mean obj 24 or or CCONJ _ 25 no. cc 25 no. no. NOUN Abbr=Yes Number=Sing 23 never conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert gerund vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 make gerund a sentence vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sentence=Product 3 mean present Saying the opposite tree rules 4 add speech: assert gerund a word vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: maths, logic — kept apart, not parsed.
The opposite of a statement: the negation of «it is raining» is «it is not raining».
The tree, 16 words det nsubj case det nmod punct det appos mark punct nsubj aux acl punct cop punct nsubj aux advmod punct punct root The DET opposite NOUN of ADP a DET statement NOUN : PUNCT the DET negation NOUN of SCONJ « PUNCT it PRON is AUX raining VERB » PUNCT is AUX « PUNCT it PRON is AUX not PART raining VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 opposite det 2 opposite opposite NOUN Number=Sing 20 raining nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 statement case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 statement det 5 statement statement NOUN Number=Sing 2 opposite nmod 6 : : PUNCT _ 8 negation punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 negation det 8 negation negation NOUN Number=Sing 2 opposite appos 9 of of SCONJ _ 13 raining mark 10 « « PUNCT _ 13 raining punct 11 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 raining nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 raining aux 13 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 negation acl 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 raining punct 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 raining cop 16 « « PUNCT _ 20 raining punct 17 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 raining nsubj 18 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 raining aux 19 not not PART Polarity=Neg 20 raining advmod 20 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 21 » » PUNCT _ 20 raining punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 20 raining punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain in a quote present · progressive it the negation not said here tree rules 2 not is in a quote present · progressive the opposite of a statement rain property tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
The complete opposite or cancelling out of something.
det amod cc conj case case obl punct root The DET complete ADJ opposite NOUN or CCONJ cancelling VERB out ADP of ADP something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 opposite det 2 complete complete ADJ Degree=Pos 3 opposite amod 3 opposite opposite NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 cancelling cc 5 cancelling cancell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 opposite conj 6 out out ADP _ 8 something case 7 of of ADP _ 8 something case 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 cancelling obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 opposite punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cancell gerund something tree rules
Example 1 «I do not like it» is a negation of «I like it».
The tree, 12 words punct nsubj aux advmod csubj obj punct cop det mark punct nsubj acl:relcl obj punct punct root « PUNCT I PRON do AUX not PART like VERB it PRON » PUNCT is AUX a DET negation NOUN of SCONJ « PUNCT I PRON like VERB it PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 like punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 like nsubj 3 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 like aux 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 like advmod 5 like like VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 negation csubj 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 like obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 5 like punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 negation cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 negation det 10 negation negation NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 of of SCONJ _ 14 like mark 12 « « PUNCT _ 14 like punct 13 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 14 like nsubj 14 like like VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 negation acl:relcl 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 like obj 16 » » PUNCT _ 14 like punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 10 negation punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not like in a quote present · do-support I it vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot it=Theme 2 is a present a negation tree rules 3 like in a quote present I negation vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot it=Theme
Example 2 Add «not» to make a negation.
punct advmod punct mark advcl det obj punct root Add VERB « PUNCT not PART » PUNCT to PART make VERB a DET negation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Add add VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 « « PUNCT _ 3 not punct 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 1 Add advmod 4 » » PUNCT _ 1 Add punct 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Add advcl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 negation det 8 negation negation NOUN Number=Sing 6 make obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Add punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not add speech: assert imperative you not said here vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient 2 make to-infinitive you not said here a negation vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset negation=Product
Example 3 The negation of «all cats are black» is «not all cats are black».
The tree, 13 words det nsubj mark punct det nsubj cop acl punct cop punct advmod det nsubj cop punct punct root The DET negation NOUN of SCONJ « PUNCT all DET cats NOUN are AUX black ADJ » PUNCT is AUX « PUNCT not PART all DET cats NOUN are AUX black ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 negation det 2 negation negation NOUN Number=Sing 16 black nsubj 3 of of SCONJ _ 8 black mark 4 « « PUNCT _ 8 black punct 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 cats det 6 cats cat NOUN Number=Plur 8 black nsubj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 black cop 8 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 2 negation acl 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 black punct 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 black cop 11 « « PUNCT _ 16 black punct 12 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 cats advmod 13 all all DET PronType=Tot 14 cats det 14 cats cat NOUN Number=Plur 16 black nsubj 15 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 black cop 16 black black ADJ Degree=Pos root root 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 black punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 16 black punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present all cats the negation not said here black property tree rules 2 is in a quote present the negation black property tree rules
Example 4 Double negation, like «I didn't do nothing», is a dialect form.
The tree, 12 words amod nsubj punct mark punct nsubj aux advmod appos obj punct punct cop det compound punct root Double ADJ negation NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ « PUNCT I PRON did AUX n't PART do VERB nothing PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT is AUX a DET dialect NOUN form NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Double double ADJ Degree=Pos 2 negation amod 2 negation negation NOUN Number=Sing 16 form nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 9 do punct 4 like like SCONJ _ 9 do mark 5 « « PUNCT _ 9 do punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 do nsubj 7 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 do aux 8 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 9 do advmod 9 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 negation appos 10 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 9 do obj 11 » » PUNCT _ 9 do punct 12 , , PUNCT _ 2 negation punct 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 form cop 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 form det 15 dialect dialect NOUN Number=Sing 16 form compound 16 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 17 . . PUNCT _ 16 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not do in a quote past · do-support I nothing vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality 2 is a present Double negation a dialect form tree rules
Example 5 In maths, the negation of «x is bigger than 5» is «x is not bigger than 5».
The tree, 17 words case obl punct det conj case punct nsubj cop conj case obl punct cop punct nsubj cop advmod case obl punct punct root In ADP maths NOUN , PUNCT the DET negation NOUN of ADP « PUNCT x NOUN is AUX bigger ADJ than ADP 5 NUM » PUNCT is AUX « PUNCT x NOUN is AUX not PART bigger ADJ than ADP 5 NUM » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 maths case 2 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 19 bigger obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 negation punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 negation det 5 negation negation NOUN Number=Sing 2 maths conj 6 of of ADP _ 10 bigger case 7 « « PUNCT _ 10 bigger punct 8 x x NOUN Number=Sing 10 bigger nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 bigger cop 10 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 negation conj 11 than than ADP _ 12 5 case 12 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 bigger obl 13 » » PUNCT _ 2 maths punct 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 bigger cop 15 « « PUNCT _ 19 bigger punct 16 x x NOUN Number=Sing 19 bigger nsubj 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 bigger cop 18 not not PART Polarity=Neg 19 bigger advmod 19 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 20 than than ADP _ 21 5 case 21 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 19 bigger obl 22 » » PUNCT _ 19 bigger punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 19 bigger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present x than 5; big property tree rules 2 not is in a quote present x maths and the negation than 5; big property tree rules
Example 6 Bullying is the negation of kindness.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct root Bullying NOUN is AUX the DET negation NOUN of ADP kindness NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bullying bullying NOUN Number=Sing 4 negation nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 negation cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 negation det 4 negation negation NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 kindness case 6 kindness kindness NOUN Number=Sing 4 negation nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 negation punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Bullying the negation of kindness tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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