nettle Who acts: tiny hairs, hairs, I, nettle sting, you, Caterpillars · What happens: cover, sting, cause, burn, touch, nettle · To what, where: wild plant, itchy burning rash, skin, someone, them, patch
«nettle» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: nettle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A wild plant with jagged leaves covered in tiny hairs that sting and cause an itchy, burning rash when they touch your skin.
The tree, 23 words det amod nsubj:pass case amod nmod case amod obl nsubj acl:relcl cc conj det amod punct amod obj mark nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root A DET wild ADJ plant NOUN with ADP jagged ADJ leaves NOUN covered VERB in ADP tiny ADJ hairs NOUN that PRON sting VERB and CCONJ cause VERB an DET itchy ADJ , PUNCT burning VERB rash NOUN when SCONJ they PRON touch VERB your PRON skin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 plant det 2 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 3 plant amod 3 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 7 covered nsubj:pass 4 with with ADP _ 6 leaves case 5 jagged jagged ADJ Degree=Pos 6 leaves amod 6 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 3 plant nmod 7 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 hairs case 9 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 10 hairs amod 10 hairs hair NOUN Number=Plur 7 covered obl 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 sting nsubj 12 sting sting VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 hairs acl:relcl 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 cause cc 14 cause cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 sting conj 15 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 rash det 16 itchy itchy ADJ Degree=Pos 19 rash amod 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 burning punct 18 burning burn VERB VerbForm=Ger 19 rash amod 19 rash rash NOUN Number=Sing 14 cause obj 20 when when SCONJ _ 22 touch mark 21 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 touch nsubj 22 touch touch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 cause advcl 23 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 24 skin nmod:poss 24 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 22 touch obj 25 . . PUNCT _ 7 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover participle · passive a wild plant with jagged leaves in tiny hairs vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in hair=Theme 2 sting present tiny hairs vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 3 cause present tiny hairs not said here a itchy burning rash vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition rash=Patient 4 burn gerund vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 touch present hairs = hair your skin vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme skin=Co-Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 As a verb, to nettle someone means to annoy them a little.
case det obl punct mark acl:relcl obj mark xcomp obj det obl:unmarked punct root As ADP a DET verb NOUN , PUNCT to PART nettle VERB someone PRON means VERB to PART annoy VERB them PRON a DET little ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 verb case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 verb det 3 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 8 means obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 nettle punct 5 to to PART _ 6 nettle mark 6 nettle nettle VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 verb acl:relcl 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 nettle obj 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 to to PART _ 10 annoy mark 10 annoy annoy VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means xcomp 11 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 annoy obj 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 little det 13 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 10 annoy obl:unmarked 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 nettle to-infinitive someone vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer 2 mean present as a verb vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 annoy not said to happen to-infinitive them = they a little obl:unmarked vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer
Example 1 I fell into a patch of stinging nettles.
nsubj case det obl case amod nmod punct root I PRON fell VERB into ADP a DET patch NOUN of ADP stinging VERB nettles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 fell nsubj 2 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 into into ADP _ 5 patch case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 patch det 5 patch patch NOUN Number=Sing 2 fell obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 nettles case 7 stinging sting VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 nettles amod 8 nettles nettle NOUN Number=Plur 5 patch nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past I into a patch of stinging nettles result vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into patch=Result 2 sting gerund vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 2 The nettle sting left itchy white bumps on my leg.
det compound acl amod amod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET nettle NOUN sting NOUN left VERB itchy ADJ white ADJ bumps NOUN on ADP my PRON leg NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sting det 2 nettle nettle NOUN Number=Sing 3 sting compound 3 sting sting NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 sting acl 5 itchy itchy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bumps amod 6 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bumps amod 7 bumps bump NOUN Number=Plur 4 left obj 8 on on ADP _ 10 leg case 9 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 leg nmod:poss 10 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 4 left obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 sting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave participle the nettle sting not said here itchy white bumps my leg vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent bump=Theme on leg=Location
Example 3 Wear long trousers to walk through nettles.
amod obj mark advcl case obl punct root Wear VERB long ADJ trousers NOUN to PART walk VERB through ADP nettles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wear wear VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 3 trousers amod 3 trousers trousers NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wear obj 4 to to PART _ 5 walk mark 5 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Wear advcl 6 through through ADP _ 7 nettles case 7 nettles nettle NOUN Number=Plur 5 walk obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear imperative you not said here long trousers vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent trousers=Source 2 walk to-infinitive you not said here nettles vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through nettle=Trajectory
Example 4 Caterpillars of the peacock butterfly eat nettles.
nsubj case det compound nmod obj punct root Caterpillars NOUN of ADP the DET peacock NOUN butterfly NOUN eat VERB nettles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Caterpillars caterpillar NOUN Number=Plur 6 eat nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 5 butterfly case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 butterfly det 4 peacock peacock NOUN Number=Sing 5 butterfly compound 5 butterfly butterfly NOUN Number=Sing 1 Caterpillars nmod 6 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 nettles nettle NOUN Number=Plur 6 eat obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Caterpillars of the peacock butterfly nettles vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nettle=Patient
Example 5 Grandma makes soup from young nettle leaves, cooked so they don't sting.
The tree, 13 words nsubj obj case amod compound obl punct acl advmod nsubj aux advmod advcl punct root Grandma NOUN makes VERB soup NOUN from ADP young ADJ nettle NOUN leaves NOUN , PUNCT cooked VERB so ADV they PRON do AUX n't PART sting VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes nsubj 2 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 soup soup NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes obj 4 from from ADP _ 7 leaves case 5 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 7 leaves amod 6 nettle nettle NOUN Number=Sing 7 leaves compound 7 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 2 makes obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 cooked punct 9 cooked cook VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 leaves acl 10 so so ADV _ 14 sting advmod 11 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 sting nsubj 12 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 sting aux 13 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 14 sting advmod 14 sting sting VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 cooked advcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Grandma soup young nettle leaves vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent soup=Product from leaf=Material 2 cook participle young nettle leaves not said here vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 not sting present · do-support leaves = leaf vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 6 We rubbed a dock leaf on the nettle sting.
nsubj det compound obj case det compound obl punct root We PRON rubbed VERB a DET dock NOUN leaf NOUN on ADP the DET nettle NOUN sting NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 rubbed nsubj 2 rubbed rub VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 leaf det 4 dock dock NOUN Number=Sing 5 leaf compound 5 leaf leaf NOUN Number=Sing 2 rubbed obj 6 on on ADP _ 9 sting case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 sting det 8 nettle nettle NOUN Number=Sing 9 sting compound 9 sting sting NOUN Number=Sing 2 rubbed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 rubbed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rub past We a dock leaf the nettle sting vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme on sting=Destination
Example 7 Nettles have tiny hairs that sting.
nsubj amod obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root Nettles NOUN have VERB tiny ADJ hairs NOUN that PRON sting VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nettles nettle NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 4 hairs amod 4 hairs hair NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 sting nsubj 6 sting sting VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 hairs acl:relcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Nettles tiny hairs vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient 2 sting present tiny hairs vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 8 His teasing nettled her.
nmod:poss nsubj obj punct root His PRON teasing NOUN nettled VERB her PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 teasing nmod:poss 2 teasing teasing NOUN Number=Sing 3 nettled nsubj 3 nettled nettle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 nettled obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 nettled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 nettle past His teasing her = she vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer 2 tease His = he nom teasing «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 9 All around grew nettles and tall grass.
advmod advmod obj cc amod conj punct root All ADV around ADV grew VERB nettles NOUN and CCONJ tall ADJ grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 All all ADV _ 3 grew advmod 2 around around ADV _ 3 grew advmod 3 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 nettles nettle NOUN Number=Plur 3 grew obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 grass cc 6 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 7 grass amod 7 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 4 nettles conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 grew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past nettles and tall grass all, around property vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location nettle=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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