nigh Who acts: end, It, people, Winter, We, Bible · What happens: mean, be, take, use, shout, draw · To what, where: everyday speech, man, fog, hand, castle, teeth · Speech: someone speaks here
«nigh» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: nigh in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.
Nigh means near, either in place or in time: «The end is nigh».
The tree, 13 words advmod advmod punct cc:preconj case parataxis cc case conj punct punct det nsubj cop parataxis punct punct root Nigh ADV means VERB near ADV , PUNCT either CCONJ in ADP place NOUN or CCONJ in ADP time NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET end NOUN is AUX nigh ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nigh nigh ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 near near ADV _ 2 means advmod 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 place punct 5 either either CCONJ _ 7 place cc:preconj 6 in in ADP _ 7 place case 7 place place NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 time cc 9 in in ADP _ 10 time case 10 time time NOUN Number=Sing 7 place conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 16 nigh punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 16 nigh punct 13 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 end det 14 end end NOUN Number=Sing 16 nigh nsubj 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 nigh cop 16 nigh nigh ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means parataxis 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 nigh punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present near, nigh property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 is in a quote present the end nigh property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Nigh on or well nigh means almost or nearly: «It took nigh on an hour».
The tree, 15 words advmod nsubj cc advmod conj advmod cc conj punct punct nsubj parataxis advmod case det obl punct punct root Nigh ADV on ADV or CCONJ well ADV nigh ADV means VERB almost ADV or CCONJ nearly ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT It PRON took VERB nigh ADV on ADP an DET hour NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nigh nigh ADV _ 2 on advmod 2 on on ADV _ 6 means nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 5 nigh cc 4 well well ADV Degree=Pos 5 nigh advmod 5 nigh nigh ADV _ 2 on conj 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 almost almost ADV _ 6 means advmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 nearly cc 9 nearly nearly ADV _ 7 almost conj 10 : : PUNCT _ 13 took punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 13 took punct 12 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 took nsubj 13 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 means parataxis 14 nigh nigh ADV _ 13 took advmod 15 on on ADP _ 17 hour case 16 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 hour det 17 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 13 took obl 18 » » PUNCT _ 13 took punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present almost property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 take in a quote past It hour nigh property vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: UK, dialect — kept apart, not parsed.
Some people in parts of England still use «nigh» in everyday speech for near.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj case nmod case nmod advmod punct advmod punct case amod obl case obl punct root Some DET people NOUN in ADP parts NOUN of ADP England PROPN still ADV use VERB « PUNCT nigh ADV » PUNCT in ADP everyday ADJ speech NOUN for ADP near ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 people det 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 8 use nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 parts case 4 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 2 people nmod 5 of of ADP _ 6 England case 6 England England PROPN Number=Sing 4 parts nmod 7 still still ADV _ 8 use advmod 8 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 nigh punct 10 nigh nigh ADV _ 8 use advmod 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 nigh punct 12 in in ADP _ 14 speech case 13 everyday everyday ADJ Degree=Pos 14 speech amod 14 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 8 use obl 15 for for ADP _ 16 near case 16 near near ADV _ 8 use obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 8 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present some people in parts of England everyday speech still nigh property vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The end is nigh! shouted the man with the sign.
det nsubj cop punct conj det obj case det nmod punct root The DET end NOUN is AUX nigh ADJ ! PUNCT shouted VERB the DET man NOUN with ADP the DET sign NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 end det 2 end end NOUN Number=Sing 4 nigh nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 nigh cop 4 nigh nigh ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 shouted punct 6 shouted shout VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 nigh conj 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 man det 8 man man NOUN Number=Sing 6 shouted obj 9 with with ADP _ 11 sign case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 sign det 11 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 8 man nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 nigh punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the end nigh property tree rules 2 shout speech: express past the end not said here the man with the sign vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Topic
Example 2 Winter is drawing nigh.
nsubj aux advmod punct root Winter PROPN is AUX drawing VERB nigh ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Winter Winter PROPN Number=Sing 3 drawing nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 drawing aux 3 drawing draw VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 nigh nigh ADV _ 3 drawing advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 drawing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw present · progressive Winter nigh property vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 It was well nigh impossible to see in the fog.
nsubj cop advmod advmod mark xcomp case det obl punct root It PRON was AUX well ADV nigh ADV impossible ADJ to PART see VERB in ADP the DET fog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 impossible nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 impossible cop 3 well well ADV Degree=Pos 5 impossible advmod 4 nigh nigh ADV _ 5 impossible advmod 5 impossible impossible ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 to to PART _ 7 see mark 7 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 impossible xcomp 8 in in ADP _ 10 fog case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 fog det 10 fog fog NOUN Number=Sing 7 see obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 impossible punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past It impossible, nigh, well property tree rules 2 see to-infinitive the fog vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 4 We waited nigh on two hours for the bus.
nsubj advmod case nummod obl case det obl punct root We PRON waited VERB nigh ADV on ADP two NUM hours NOUN for ADP the DET bus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 waited nsubj 2 waited wait VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 nigh nigh ADV _ 2 waited advmod 4 on on ADP _ 6 hours case 5 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 hours nummod 6 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 2 waited obl 7 for for ADP _ 9 bus case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bus det 9 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 2 waited obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 waited punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wait past We hour for the bus; nigh property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 (Bible) «The kingdom of God is nigh at hand.»
punct nsubj punct punct det nsubj case nmod cop case obl punct punct root ( PUNCT Bible PROPN ) PUNCT « PUNCT The DET kingdom NOUN of ADP God PROPN is AUX nigh ADJ at ADP hand NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Bible punct 2 Bible Bible PROPN Number=Sing 10 nigh nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Bible punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 kingdom punct 5 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 kingdom det 6 kingdom kingdom NOUN Number=Sing 10 nigh nsubj 7 of of ADP _ 8 God case 8 God God PROPN Number=Sing 6 kingdom nmod 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 nigh cop 10 nigh nigh ADJ Degree=Pos root root 11 at at ADP _ 12 hand case 12 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 10 nigh obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 nigh punct 14 » » PUNCT _ 10 nigh punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present Bible hand nigh property tree rules
Example 6 The knight rode nigh to the castle.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET knight NOUN rode VERB nigh ADV to ADP the DET castle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 knight det 2 knight knight NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode nsubj 3 rode ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 nigh nigh ADV _ 3 rode advmod 5 to to ADP _ 7 castle case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 castle det 7 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 rode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride past the knight the castle nigh property vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent to castle=Trajectory
Example 7 Bedtime is nigh, so brush your teeth.
nsubj cop punct advmod conj nmod:poss obj punct root Bedtime NOUN is AUX nigh ADJ , PUNCT so ADV brush VERB your PRON teeth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bedtime bedtime NOUN Number=Sing 3 nigh nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 nigh cop 3 nigh nigh ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 brush punct 5 so so ADV _ 6 brush advmod 6 brush brush VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 nigh conj 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 teeth nmod:poss 8 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 6 brush obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 nigh punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Bedtime nigh property tree rules 2 brush infinitive Bedtime not said here your teeth vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme
Example 8 Grandad says it's nigh on ten miles to the coast.
nsubj nsubj cop advmod case nummod ccomp case det nmod punct root Grandad PROPN says VERB it PRON 's AUX nigh ADV on ADP ten NUM miles NOUN to ADP the DET coast NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandad Grandad PROPN Number=Sing 2 says nsubj 2 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 miles nsubj 4 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 miles cop 5 nigh nigh ADV _ 8 miles advmod 6 on on ADP _ 8 miles case 7 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 miles nummod 8 miles mile NOUN Number=Plur 2 says ccomp 9 to to ADP _ 11 coast case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 coast det 11 coast coast NOUN Number=Sing 8 miles nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Grandad vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is present it on ten miles; to the coast; nigh property tree rules
Example 9 After running seven miles or so, Pinocchio was well-nigh exhausted.
mark advcl nummod obj cc conj punct nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod punct advmod punct root After SCONJ running VERB seven NUM miles NOUN or CCONJ so ADV , PUNCT Pinocchio PROPN was AUX well ADV - PUNCT nigh ADV exhausted VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after SCONJ _ 2 running mark 2 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 exhausted advcl 3 seven seven NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 miles nummod 4 miles mile NOUN Number=Plur 2 running obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 so cc 6 so so ADV _ 2 running conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 2 running punct 8 Pinocchio Pinocchio PROPN Number=Sing 13 exhausted nsubj:pass 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 exhausted aux:pass 10 well well ADV Degree=Pos 13 exhausted advmod 11 - - PUNCT _ 10 well punct 12 nigh nigh ADV _ 13 exhausted advmod 13 exhausted exhaust VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 14 . . PUNCT _ 13 exhausted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run gerund seven miles vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mile=Trajectory 2 exhaust past · passive Pinocchio nigh, well property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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