nocturnal Who acts: Nocturnal animals, Owls, Hedgehogs, you, Bats, Possums · What happens: be, happen, see, use, find, run · To what, where: nocturnal birds, Hedgehogs, sound, food, nocturnal flights, wheel
«nocturnal» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: nocturnal in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
Nocturnal animals are active at night and sleep during the day.
amod nsubj cop case obl cc conj case det obl punct root Nocturnal ADJ animals NOUN are AUX active ADJ at ADP night NOUN and CCONJ sleep NOUN during ADP the DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nocturnal nocturnal ADJ Degree=Pos 2 animals amod 2 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 4 active nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 active cop 4 active active ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 at at ADP _ 6 night case 6 night night NOUN Number=Sing 4 active obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 sleep cc 8 sleep sleep NOUN Number=Sing 6 night conj 9 during during ADP _ 11 day case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 day det 11 day day NOUN Number=Sing 4 active obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 active punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Nocturnal animals day; night active property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Happening at night: a nocturnal walk, nocturnal noises.
csubj case obl punct det amod punct amod conj punct root Happening VERB at ADP night NOUN : PUNCT a DET nocturnal ADJ walk NOUN , PUNCT nocturnal ADJ noises NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Happening happen VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 walk csubj 2 at at ADP _ 3 night case 3 night night NOUN Number=Sing 1 Happening obl 4 : : PUNCT _ 7 walk punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 walk det 6 nocturnal nocturnal ADJ Degree=Pos 7 walk amod 7 walk walk NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 noises punct 9 nocturnal nocturnal ADJ Degree=Pos 10 noises amod 10 noises noise NOUN Number=Plur 7 walk conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 walk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen gerund night vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 Owls are nocturnal birds.
nsubj cop amod punct root Owls NOUN are AUX nocturnal ADJ birds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Owls owl NOUN Number=Plur 4 birds nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 birds cop 3 nocturnal nocturnal ADJ Degree=Pos 4 birds amod 4 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 birds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Owls nocturnal birds tree rules
Example 2 Hedgehogs are nocturnal, so you see them at night.
nsubj cop punct advmod nsubj conj obj case obl punct root Hedgehogs NOUN are AUX nocturnal ADJ , PUNCT so ADV you PRON see VERB them PRON at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hedgehogs hedgehog NOUN Number=Plur 3 nocturnal nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 nocturnal cop 3 nocturnal nocturnal ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 see punct 5 so so ADV _ 7 see advmod 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 see nsubj 7 see see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 nocturnal conj 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 see obj 9 at at ADP _ 10 night case 10 night night NOUN Number=Sing 7 see obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 nocturnal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Hedgehogs nocturnal property tree rules 2 see present you Hedgehogs = hedgehog night vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus
Example 3 Bats use sound to find food on their nocturnal flights.
nsubj obj mark advcl obj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root Bats NOUN use VERB sound NOUN to PART find VERB food NOUN on ADP their PRON nocturnal ADJ flights NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 4 to to PART _ 5 find mark 5 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use advcl 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 find obj 7 on on ADP _ 10 flights case 8 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 flights nmod:poss 9 nocturnal nocturnal ADJ Degree=Pos 10 flights amod 10 flights flight NOUN Number=Plur 5 find obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Bats sound vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Patient 2 find to-infinitive Bats not said here food Bats's nocturnal flights vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic
Example 4 Possums in Australia are nocturnal.
nsubj case nmod cop punct root Possums NOUN in ADP Australia PROPN are AUX nocturnal ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Possums possum NOUN Number=Plur 5 nocturnal nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 3 Australia case 3 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 1 Possums nmod 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 nocturnal cop 5 nocturnal nocturnal ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 nocturnal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Possums in Australia nocturnal property tree rules
Example 5 Our hamster is nocturnal and runs on its wheel all night.
nmod:poss nsubj cop cc conj case nmod:poss obl det obl:unmarked punct root Our PRON hamster NOUN is AUX nocturnal ADJ and CCONJ runs VERB on ADP its PRON wheel NOUN all DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 hamster nmod:poss 2 hamster hamster NOUN Number=Sing 4 nocturnal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 nocturnal cop 4 nocturnal nocturnal ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 runs cc 6 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 nocturnal conj 7 on on ADP _ 9 wheel case 8 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 wheel nmod:poss 9 wheel wheel NOUN Number=Sing 6 runs obl 10 all all DET PronType=Tot 11 night det 11 night night NOUN Number=Sing 6 runs obl:unmarked 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 nocturnal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Our hamster nocturnal property tree rules 2 run present Our hamster not said here hamster's wheel night vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on wheel=Trajectory
Example 6 We went on a nocturnal walk to see the stars.
nsubj case det amod obl mark advcl det obj punct root We PRON went VERB on ADP a DET nocturnal ADJ walk NOUN to PART see VERB the DET stars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 6 walk case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 walk det 5 nocturnal nocturnal ADJ Degree=Pos 6 walk amod 6 walk walk NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 7 to to PART _ 8 see mark 8 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 went advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 stars det 10 stars star NOUN Number=Plur 8 see obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We a nocturnal walk vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on walk=Location 2 see to-infinitive We not said here the stars vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer star=Stimulus
Example 7 Many desert animals are nocturnal to avoid the heat.
amod compound nsubj cop mark advcl det obj punct root Many ADJ desert NOUN animals NOUN are AUX nocturnal ADJ to PART avoid VERB the DET heat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 animals amod 2 desert desert NOUN Number=Sing 3 animals compound 3 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 5 nocturnal nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 nocturnal cop 5 nocturnal nocturnal ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 to to PART _ 7 avoid mark 7 avoid avoid VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 nocturnal advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 heat det 9 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 7 avoid obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 nocturnal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Many desert animals nocturnal property tree rules 2 avoid to-infinitive Many desert animals not said here the heat vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent heat=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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