novel Who acts: novel, class, She, Using, graphic novel, I · What happens: be, make up, mean, read, have, want · To what, where: long story, book, new, novel, 20 chapters, bucket · Speech: someone speaks here
«novel» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: novel in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A novel is a long story in a book about made-up people and events.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det amod case det nmod case amod punct compound:prt nmod cc conj punct root A DET novel NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ story NOUN in ADP a DET book NOUN about ADP made VERB - PUNCT up ADP people NOUN and CCONJ events NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 novel det 2 novel novel NOUN Number=Sing 6 story nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 story cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 story det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 story amod 6 story story NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 in in ADP _ 9 book case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 book det 9 book book NOUN Number=Sing 6 story nmod 10 about about ADP _ 14 people case 11 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 people amod 12 - - PUNCT _ 13 up punct 13 up up ADP _ 11 made compound:prt 14 people people NOUN Number=Plur 9 book nmod 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 events cc 16 events event NOUN Number=Plur 14 people conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 story punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a novel a long story a book about made people and events tree rules 2 make up participle vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Novel (adjective) means new, different and interesting: a novel idea.
The tree, 10 words nsubj punct appos punct obj punct conj cc conj punct det amod parataxis punct root Novel NOUN ( PUNCT adjective NOUN ) PUNCT means VERB new ADJ , PUNCT different ADJ and CCONJ interesting ADJ : PUNCT a DET novel ADJ idea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Novel novel NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 adjective punct 3 adjective adjective NOUN Number=Sing 1 Novel appos 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 adjective punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 different punct 8 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 6 new conj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 interesting cc 10 interesting interesting ADJ Degree=Pos 6 new conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 idea punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 idea det 13 novel novel ADJ Degree=Pos 14 idea amod 14 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 5 means parataxis 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Novel new vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent new=Topic
Example 1 Our class is reading a novel about a dragon.
nmod:poss nsubj aux det obj case det nmod punct root Our PRON class NOUN is AUX reading VERB a DET novel NOUN about ADP a DET dragon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 class nmod:poss 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 4 reading nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 reading aux 4 reading read VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 novel det 6 novel novel NOUN Number=Sing 4 reading obj 7 about about ADP _ 9 dragon case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 dragon det 9 dragon dragon NOUN Number=Sing 6 novel nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 reading punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read present · progressive Our class a novel about a dragon vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent novel=Topic
Example 2 The novel has 20 chapters.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET novel NOUN has VERB 20 NUM chapters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 novel det 2 novel novel NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 chapters nummod 5 chapters chapter NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the novel 20 chapters vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chapter=Patient
Example 3 She wants to write a novel when she grows up.
nsubj mark xcomp det obj advmod nsubj advcl compound:prt punct root She PRON wants VERB to PART write VERB a DET novel NOUN when ADV she PRON grows VERB up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wants nsubj 2 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 write mark 4 write write VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 wants xcomp 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 novel det 6 novel novel NOUN Number=Sing 4 write obj 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 grows advmod 8 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 grows nsubj 9 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 write advcl 10 up up ADP _ 9 grows compound:prt 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 wants punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 want present She vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 write not said to happen to-infinitive She not said here a novel vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent novel=Theme 3 grow up present she vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Using a bucket as a drum was a novel idea.
csubj det obj case det obl cop det amod punct root Using VERB a DET bucket NOUN as ADP a DET drum NOUN was AUX a DET novel ADJ idea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Using use VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 idea csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bucket det 3 bucket bucket NOUN Number=Sing 1 Using obj 4 as as ADP _ 6 drum case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 drum det 6 drum drum NOUN Number=Sing 1 Using obl 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 idea cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 idea det 9 novel novel ADJ Degree=Pos 10 idea amod 10 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 idea punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use gerund a bucket as a drum vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent bucket=Duration as drum=Attribute 2 is a past Using a novel idea tree rules
Example 5 A graphic novel tells a story in pictures.
det amod nsubj det obj case obl punct root A DET graphic ADJ novel NOUN tells VERB a DET story NOUN in ADP pictures NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 novel det 2 graphic graphic ADJ Degree=Pos 3 novel amod 3 novel novel NOUN Number=Sing 4 tells nsubj 4 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 story det 6 story story NOUN Number=Sing 4 tells obj 7 in in ADP _ 8 pictures case 8 pictures picture NOUN Number=Plur 4 tells obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 tells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present a graphic novel a story pictures vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient
Example 6 The novel was turned into a film.
det nsubj aux:pass case det obl punct root The DET novel NOUN was AUX turned VERB into ADP a DET film NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 novel det 2 novel novel NOUN Number=Sing 4 turned nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 turned aux:pass 4 turned turn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 into into ADP _ 7 film case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 film det 7 film film NOUN Number=Sing 4 turned obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 turned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn past · passive the novel a film vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme into film=Trajectory
Example 7 If the novel has 240 pages and I read 30 a day, I finish in 8 days.
The tree, 17 words mark det nsubj advcl nummod obj cc nsubj conj obj det obl:unmarked punct nsubj case nummod obl punct root If SCONJ the DET novel NOUN has VERB 240 NUM pages NOUN and CCONJ I PRON read VERB 30 NUM a DET day NOUN , PUNCT I PRON finish VERB in ADP 8 NUM days NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 has mark 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 novel det 3 novel novel NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 finish advcl 5 240 240 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 pages nummod 6 pages page NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 read cc 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 read nsubj 9 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 has conj 10 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 read obj 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 day det 12 day day NOUN Number=Sing 9 read obl:unmarked 13 , , PUNCT _ 4 has punct 14 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 finish nsubj 15 finish finish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 16 in in ADP _ 18 days case 17 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 18 days nummod 18 days day NOUN Number=Plur 15 finish obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 15 finish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have a condition, not said to happen present the novel 240 pages vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Patient 2 read past I 30 day vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 30=Topic 3 finish present I day vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 8 This is a novel way to teach fractions.
nsubj cop det amod mark acl obj punct root This PRON is AUX a DET novel ADJ way NOUN to PART teach VERB fractions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 way nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 way cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 way det 4 novel novel ADJ Degree=Pos 5 way amod 5 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to PART _ 7 teach mark 7 teach teach VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 way acl 8 fractions fraction NOUN Number=Plur 7 teach obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present This a novel way tree rules 2 teach speech: other to-infinitive fractions vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent fraction=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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