observe Who acts: We, you, Drivers, whole school, minute, It · What happens: observe, be, learn, mean, notice, see · To what, where: something, rule, it, caterpillar, vinegar, anything · Speech: someone speaks here
«observe» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: observe in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To observe is to watch something carefully to learn about it.
mark csubj cop mark obj advmod mark xcomp case obl punct root To PART observe VERB is AUX to PART watch VERB something PRON carefully ADV to PART learn VERB about ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 observe mark 2 observe observe VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 watch csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 watch cop 4 to to PART _ 5 watch mark 5 watch watch VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 watch obj 7 carefully carefully ADV _ 5 watch advmod 8 to to PART _ 9 learn mark 9 learn learn VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 watch xcomp 10 about about ADP _ 11 it case 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 learn obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 watch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 observe to-infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is present carefully, watch property tree rules 3 learn to-infinitive about it vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about it=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To observe can mean to notice or see something.
mark csubj aux mark xcomp cc conj obj punct root To PART observe VERB can AUX mean VERB to PART notice VERB or CCONJ see VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 observe mark 2 observe observe VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 notice mark 6 notice notice VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 see cc 8 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 notice conj 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 see obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 observe to-infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 notice not said to happen to-infinitive vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 4 see infinitive something vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus
Meaning 3 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To observe a rule or law is to obey it.
mark advcl det obj cc conj cop mark obj punct root To PART observe VERB a DET rule NOUN or CCONJ law NOUN is AUX to PART obey VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 observe mark 2 observe observe VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 obey advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 rule det 4 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 2 observe obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 law cc 6 law law NOUN Number=Sing 4 rule conj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 obey cop 8 to to PART _ 9 obey mark 9 obey obey VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 obey obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 9 obey punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 observe to-infinitive a rule or law vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent rule=Topic 2 is present obey property tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To observe a special day is to keep or celebrate it.
mark advcl det amod obl:unmarked cop mark cc conj obj punct root To PART observe VERB a DET special ADJ day NOUN is AUX to PART keep VERB or CCONJ celebrate VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 observe mark 2 observe observe VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 keep advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 day det 4 special special ADJ Degree=Pos 5 day amod 5 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 observe obl:unmarked 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 keep cop 7 to to PART _ 8 keep mark 8 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 celebrate cc 10 celebrate celebrate VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 8 keep conj 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 celebrate obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 observe to-infinitive day vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is present keep property tree rules 3 celebrate infinitive it vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Meaning 5 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To observe can mean to say or remark.
mark csubj aux mark xcomp cc conj punct root To PART observe VERB can AUX mean VERB to PART say VERB or CCONJ remark VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 observe mark 2 observe observe VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 say mark 6 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 remark cc 8 remark remark VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 say conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 observe to-infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 say speech: assert not said to happen to-infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 remark speech: assert infinitive vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 We observed the caterpillar every day for two weeks.
nsubj det obj det obl:unmarked case nummod obl punct root We PRON observed VERB the DET caterpillar NOUN every DET day NOUN for ADP two NUM weeks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 observed nsubj 2 observed observe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 caterpillar det 4 caterpillar caterpillar NOUN Number=Sing 2 observed obj 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 day det 6 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 observed obl:unmarked 7 for for ADP _ 9 weeks case 8 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 weeks nummod 9 weeks week NOUN Number=Plur 2 observed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 observed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 observe past We the caterpillar day; week vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent caterpillar=Topic
Example 2 Observe what happens when you add vinegar to the baking soda.
nsubj ccomp mark nsubj advcl obj case det compound obl punct root Observe VERB what PRON happens VERB when SCONJ you PRON add VERB vinegar NOUN to ADP the DET baking NOUN soda NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Observe observe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 what what PRON PronType=Int 3 happens nsubj 3 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Observe ccomp 4 when when SCONJ _ 6 add mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 add nsubj 6 add add VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 happens advcl 7 vinegar vinegar NOUN Number=Sing 6 add obj 8 to to ADP _ 11 soda case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 soda det 10 baking baking NOUN Number=Sing 11 soda compound 11 soda soda NOUN Number=Sing 6 add obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Observe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 observe imperative you not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 happen present vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 add speech: assert present you vinegar to the baking soda vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent vinegar=Patient to soda=Co-Patient
Example 3 Did you observe anything strange?
aux nsubj obj amod punct root Did AUX you PRON observe VERB anything PRON strange ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 observe aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 observe nsubj 3 observe observe VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 observe obj 5 strange strange ADJ Degree=Pos 4 anything amod 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 observe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 observe past · do-support you anything vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent anything=Topic
Example 4 Drivers must observe the speed limit near schools.
nsubj aux det compound obj case obl punct root Drivers NOUN must AUX observe VERB the DET speed NOUN limit NOUN near ADP schools NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Drivers driver NOUN Number=Plur 3 observe nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 observe aux 3 observe observe VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 limit det 5 speed speed NOUN Number=Sing 6 limit compound 6 limit limit NOUN Number=Sing 3 observe obj 7 near near ADP _ 8 schools case 8 schools school NOUN Number=Plur 3 observe obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 observe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 observe must Drivers the speed limit schools vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent limit=Topic
Example 5 The whole school observed a minute's silence.
det amod nsubj det nmod:poss case obj punct root The DET whole ADJ school NOUN observed VERB a DET minute NOUN 's PART silence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 school det 2 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 3 school amod 3 school school NOUN Number=Sing 4 observed nsubj 4 observed observe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 minute det 6 minute minute NOUN Number=Sing 8 silence nmod:poss 7 's 's PART _ 6 minute case 8 silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 4 observed obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 observed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 observe past the whole school a minute's silence vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent silence=Topic 2 silence a minute nom silence «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 «It looks like rain,» she observed.
punct nsubj case obl punct punct nsubj advcl punct root « PUNCT It PRON looks VERB like ADP rain NOUN , PUNCT » PUNCT she PRON observed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 looks punct 2 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 looks nsubj 3 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 like like ADP _ 5 rain case 5 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 looks obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 looks punct 7 » » PUNCT _ 3 looks punct 8 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 observed nsubj 9 observed observe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 looks advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 looks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look in a quote present It like rain vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 observe past she vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Astronomers observe the stars through telescopes.
nsubj det obj case obl punct root Astronomers NOUN observe VERB the DET stars NOUN through ADP telescopes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Astronomers astronomer NOUN Number=Plur 2 observe nsubj 2 observe observe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 stars det 4 stars star NOUN Number=Plur 2 observe obj 5 through through ADP _ 6 telescopes case 6 telescopes telescope NOUN Number=Plur 2 observe obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 observe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 observe present Astronomers the stars telescopes vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent star=Topic
Example 8 Write down everything you observe in your science book.
compound:prt obj nsubj acl:relcl case nmod:poss compound obl punct root Write VERB down ADP everything PRON you PRON observe VERB in ADP your PRON science NOUN book NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 down down ADP _ 1 Write compound:prt 3 everything everything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 1 Write obj 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 observe nsubj 5 observe observe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 everything acl:relcl 6 in in ADP _ 9 book case 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 book nmod:poss 8 science science NOUN Number=Sing 9 book compound 9 book book NOUN Number=Sing 5 observe obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write down imperative you not said here everything vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everything=Theme 2 observe present you your science book vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 9 The lamp burnt out, but he did not observe it.
det nsubj compound:prt punct cc nsubj aux advmod advcl obj punct root The DET lamp NOUN burnt VERB out ADP , PUNCT but CCONJ he PRON did AUX not PART observe VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lamp det 2 lamp lamp NOUN Number=Sing 3 burnt nsubj 3 burnt burnt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 out out ADP _ 3 burnt compound:prt 5 , , PUNCT _ 10 observe punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 10 observe cc 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 observe nsubj 8 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 observe aux 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 observe advmod 10 observe observe VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 burnt advcl 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 observe obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 burnt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burnt out participle the lamp tree rules 2 not observe past · do-support lamp it vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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