obstacle Who acts: way, problem, difficulty, We, fallen tree, horse · What happens: stop, make, go, do, run, fall · To what, where: you, way, difficulty, something, obstacle course, obstacle · Speech: someone speaks here
«obstacle» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: obstacle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Something in your way that stops you or makes it hard to go forward.
The tree, 14 words case nmod:poss nmod nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj obj xcomp mark xcomp advmod punct root Something PRON in ADP your PRON way NOUN that PRON stops VERB you PRON or CCONJ makes VERB it PRON hard ADJ to PART go VERB forward ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 in in ADP _ 4 way case 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 way nmod:poss 4 way way NOUN Number=Sing 1 Something nmod 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 stops nsubj 6 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 way acl:relcl 7 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 stops obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 makes cc 9 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stops conj 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 makes obj 11 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 9 makes xcomp 12 to to PART _ 13 go mark 13 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 hard xcomp 14 forward forward ADV _ 13 go advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 1 Something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop present your way you vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality you=Eventuality 2 make present your way not said here way hard property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product 3 go to-infinitive way not said here forward property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A problem or difficulty that makes it hard to do something.
det cc conj nsubj acl:relcl obj xcomp mark xcomp obj punct root A DET problem NOUN or CCONJ difficulty NOUN that PRON makes VERB it PRON hard ADJ to PART do VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 problem det 2 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 difficulty cc 4 difficulty difficulty NOUN Number=Sing 2 problem conj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 makes nsubj 6 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 problem acl:relcl 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 makes obj 8 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 makes xcomp 9 to to PART _ 10 do mark 10 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 hard xcomp 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 do obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 problem punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present a problem or difficulty difficulty hard property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product 2 do to-infinitive difficulty not said here something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
Example 1 We ran an obstacle course on sports day.
nsubj det amod obj case compound obl punct root We PRON ran VERB an DET obstacle ADJ course NOUN on ADP sports NOUN day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 ran nsubj 2 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 course det 4 obstacle obstacle ADJ Degree=Pos 5 course amod 5 course course NOUN Number=Sing 2 ran obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 day case 7 sports sport NOUN Number=Plur 8 day compound 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 ran obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run past We a obstacle course day vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme course=Trajectory
Example 2 A fallen tree was an obstacle on the path.
det amod nsubj cop det case det nmod punct root A DET fallen VERB tree NOUN was AUX an DET obstacle NOUN on ADP the DET path NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 tree det 2 fallen fall VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 tree amod 3 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 6 obstacle nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 obstacle cop 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 obstacle det 6 obstacle obstacle NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 on on ADP _ 9 path case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 path det 9 path path NOUN Number=Sing 6 obstacle nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 obstacle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall participle vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a past a fallen tree a obstacle the path tree rules
Example 3 The horse jumped over every obstacle.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET horse NOUN jumped VERB over ADP every DET obstacle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 horse det 2 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 jumped nsubj 3 jumped jump VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 over over ADP _ 6 obstacle case 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 obstacle det 6 obstacle obstacle NOUN Number=Sing 3 jumped obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 jumped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 jump past the horse every obstacle vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over obstacle=Trajectory
Example 4 Not speaking English was an obstacle at first, but she learned fast.
advmod csubj obj cop det case nmod punct cc nsubj parataxis advmod punct root Not PART speaking VERB English PROPN was AUX an DET obstacle NOUN at ADP first ADV , PUNCT but CCONJ she PRON learned VERB fast ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Not not PART Polarity=Neg 2 speaking advmod 2 speaking speak VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 obstacle csubj 3 English English PROPN Number=Sing 2 speaking obj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 obstacle cop 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 obstacle det 6 obstacle obstacle NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 at at ADP _ 8 first case 8 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 6 obstacle nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 learned punct 10 but but CCONJ _ 12 learned cc 11 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 learned nsubj 12 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 obstacle parataxis 13 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 12 learned advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 obstacle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not speak speech: other gerund English tree rules 2 is a past speaking a obstacle tree rules 3 learn past English fast property vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Robots use sensors to avoid obstacles.
nsubj obj mark advcl obj punct root Robots NOUN use VERB sensors NOUN to PART avoid VERB obstacles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Robots robot NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sensors sensor NOUN Number=Plur 2 use obj 4 to to PART _ 5 avoid mark 5 avoid avoid VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use advcl 6 obstacles obstacle NOUN Number=Plur 5 avoid obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Robots sensors vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sensor=Patient 2 avoid to-infinitive Robots not said here obstacles vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent obstacle=Location
Example 6 Clear any obstacles from the stairs so no one trips.
det obj case det obl mark det nsubj advcl punct root Clear VERB any DET obstacles NOUN from ADP the DET stairs NOUN so SCONJ no DET one NOUN trips VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Clear clear VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 any any DET PronType=Ind 3 obstacles det 3 obstacles obstacle NOUN Number=Plur 1 Clear obj 4 from from ADP _ 6 stairs case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 stairs det 6 stairs stair NOUN Number=Plur 1 Clear obl 7 so so SCONJ _ 10 trips mark 8 no no DET PronType=Neg 9 one det 9 one one NOUN Number=Sing 10 trips nsubj 10 trips trip VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Clear advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Clear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 clear imperative you not said here any obstacles the stairs vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent obstacle=Theme from stair=Source 2 trip present no one vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 The hero had to overcome many obstacles.
det nsubj mark xcomp amod obj punct root The DET hero NOUN had VERB to PART overcome VERB many ADJ obstacles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hero det 2 hero hero NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 overcome mark 5 overcome overcome VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 had xcomp 6 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 7 obstacles amod 7 obstacles obstacle NOUN Number=Plur 5 overcome obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the hero tree rules 2 overcome to-infinitive the hero not said here many obstacles vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot obstacle=Theme
Example 8 'You thought that love would conquer all obstacles,' said he; 'well, you have found it hasn't!
The tree, 17 words punct nsubj det nsubj aux ccomp det obj punct punct conj nsubj punct punct discourse punct nsubj aux conj nsubj ccomp advmod punct root ' PUNCT You PRON thought VERB that DET love NOUN would AUX conquer VERB all DET obstacles NOUN , PUNCT ' PUNCT said VERB he PRON ; PUNCT ' PUNCT well INTJ , PUNCT you PRON have AUX found VERB it PRON has VERB n't PART ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ' ' PUNCT _ 3 thought punct 2 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 thought nsubj 3 thought think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 love det 5 love love NOUN Number=Sing 7 conquer nsubj 6 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 conquer aux 7 conquer conquer VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 thought ccomp 8 all all DET PronType=Tot 9 obstacles det 9 obstacles obstacle NOUN Number=Plur 7 conquer obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 said punct 11 ' ' PUNCT _ 12 said punct 12 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 thought conj 13 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 said nsubj 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 20 found punct 15 ' ' PUNCT _ 20 found punct 16 well well INTJ _ 20 found discourse 17 , , PUNCT _ 16 well punct 18 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 20 found nsubj 19 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 found aux 20 found find VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 3 thought conj 21 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 has nsubj 22 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 found ccomp 23 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 22 has advmod 24 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 thought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 think speech: other past You vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 conquer would that love all obstacles vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent obstacle=Patient 3 say speech: assert past love vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 find present · perfect you vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 5 not have present it vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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