often Who acts: you, something, bus, She, We, It · What happens: mean, play, ask, happen, come, read · To what, where: lot, beach, teeth, Ireland, sky, tails
«often» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: often in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Often means many times. If you often play, you play a lot.
Sentence 1: Often means many times.
advmod amod obl:unmarked punct root Often ADV means VERB many ADJ times NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Often often ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 4 times amod 4 times time NOUN Number=Plur 2 means obl:unmarked 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present time often property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: If you often play, you play a lot.
mark nsubj advmod advcl punct nsubj det obj punct root If SCONJ you PRON often ADV play VERB , PUNCT you PRON play VERB a DET lot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 play mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 play nsubj 3 often often ADV _ 4 play advmod 4 play play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 play advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 play punct 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 play nsubj 7 play play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 lot det 9 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 7 play obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play a condition, not said to happen present you often property vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 play present you a lot vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme
Meaning 2 «How often» asks how many times something happens in a time, like each day or week.
The tree, 16 words punct advmod advmod punct advmod amod obl:unmarked nsubj parataxis case det obl punct case det obl:unmarked cc conj punct root « PUNCT How ADV often ADV » PUNCT asks VERB how ADV many ADJ times NOUN something PRON happens VERB in ADP a DET time NOUN , PUNCT like ADP each DET day NOUN or CCONJ week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 often punct 2 How how ADV PronType=Int 3 often advmod 3 often often ADV _ 5 asks advmod 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 often punct 5 asks ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 how how ADV PronType=Int 7 many advmod 7 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 8 times amod 8 times time NOUN Number=Plur 5 asks obl:unmarked 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 happens nsubj 10 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 asks parataxis 11 in in ADP _ 13 time case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 time det 13 time time NOUN Number=Sing 10 happens obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 day punct 15 like like ADP _ 17 day case 16 each each DET PronType=Tot 17 day det 17 day day NOUN Number=Sing 10 happens obl:unmarked 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 week cc 19 week week NOUN Number=Sing 17 day conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 asks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask present time often property vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 happen present something day; time vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 How often does the bus come?
advmod advmod aux det nsubj punct root How ADV often ADV does AUX the DET bus NOUN come VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 often advmod 2 often often ADV _ 6 come advmod 3 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 come aux 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bus det 5 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 6 come nsubj 6 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present · do-support the bus often property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 She often reads before bed.
nsubj advmod case obl punct root She PRON often ADV reads VERB before ADP bed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 reads nsubj 2 often often ADV _ 3 reads advmod 3 reads read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 before before ADP _ 5 bed case 5 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 3 reads obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 reads punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read present She before bed often property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The bus comes every 15 minutes, so how often in an hour?
det nsubj det nummod obl:unmarked punct advmod advmod advmod case det obl punct root The DET bus NOUN comes VERB every DET 15 NUM minutes NOUN , PUNCT so ADV how ADV often ADV in ADP an DET hour NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bus det 2 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 3 comes nsubj 3 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 minutes det 5 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 minutes nummod 6 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 3 comes obl:unmarked 7 , , PUNCT _ 13 hour punct 8 so so ADV _ 10 often advmod 9 how how ADV PronType=Int 10 often advmod 10 often often ADV _ 13 hour advmod 11 in in ADP _ 13 hour case 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 hour det 13 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 3 comes obl 14 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present the bus hour; minute vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 We often go to the beach in summer.
nsubj advmod case det obl case obl punct root We PRON often ADV go VERB to ADP the DET beach NOUN in ADP summer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 go nsubj 2 often often ADV _ 3 go advmod 3 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 beach case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 beach det 6 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 3 go obl 7 in in ADP _ 8 summer case 8 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 3 go obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present We the beach summer often property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to beach=Initial_Location
Example 5 How often do you brush your teeth? Twice a day.
Sentence 1: How often do you brush your teeth?
advmod advmod aux nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root How ADV often ADV do AUX you PRON brush VERB your PRON teeth NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 often advmod 2 often often ADV _ 5 brush advmod 3 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 brush aux 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 brush nsubj 5 brush brush VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 teeth nmod:poss 7 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 5 brush obj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 brush punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 brush present · do-support you your teeth often property vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme
Sentence 2: Twice a day.
det obl:unmarked punct root Twice ADV a DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Twice twice ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 day det 3 day day NOUN Number=Sing 1 Twice obl:unmarked 4 . . PUNCT _ 1 Twice punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 6 It often rains in Ireland.
nsubj advmod case obl punct root It PRON often ADV rains VERB in ADP Ireland PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 rains nsubj 2 often often ADV _ 3 rains advmod 3 rains rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 Ireland case 5 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 3 rains obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 rains punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain present It Ireland often property vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 7 Every so often, a shooting star crosses the sky.
det advmod advmod punct det compound nsubj det obj punct root Every DET so ADV often ADV , PUNCT a DET shooting NOUN star NOUN crosses VERB the DET sky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Every every DET PronType=Tot 8 crosses det 2 so so ADV _ 3 often advmod 3 often often ADV _ 8 crosses advmod 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 crosses punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 star det 6 shooting shooting NOUN Number=Sing 7 star compound 7 star star NOUN Number=Sing 8 crosses nsubj 8 crosses cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 sky det 10 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 8 crosses obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 crosses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cross present a shooting star the sky often property vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sky=Patient
Example 8 Dogs often wag their tails when they are happy.
nsubj advmod nmod:poss obj advmod nsubj cop advcl punct root Dogs NOUN often ADV wag VERB their PRON tails NOUN when ADV they PRON are AUX happy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 3 wag nsubj 2 often often ADV _ 3 wag advmod 3 wag wag VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 tails nmod:poss 5 tails tail NOUN Number=Plur 3 wag obj 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 happy advmod 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 happy nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 happy cop 9 happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 wag advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 wag punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wag present Dogs Dogs's tails often property vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient 2 is present Dogs = dog happy property tree rules
Example 9 False confidence often leads to disaster.
amod nsubj advmod case obl punct root False ADJ confidence NOUN often ADV leads VERB to ADP disaster NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 False false ADJ Degree=Pos 2 confidence amod 2 confidence confidence NOUN Number=Sing 4 leads nsubj 3 often often ADV _ 4 leads advmod 4 leads lead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to ADP _ 6 disaster case 6 disaster disaster NOUN Number=Sing 4 leads obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 leads punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lead present False confidence to disaster; often property vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to disaster=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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