older Who acts: Older, Anna, Sam, Max, older sister, Trees · What happens: mean, have, live, make, use, be · To what, where: 10, much Mia, high school, little ones · Speech: someone speaks here
«older» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: older in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Older means having lived more years than someone else.
nsubj xcomp amod amod obj case nmod advmod punct root Older ADJ means VERB having VERB lived VERB more ADJ years NOUN than ADP someone PRON else ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 lived live VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 6 years amod 5 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 years amod 6 years year NOUN Number=Plur 3 having obj 7 than than ADP _ 8 someone case 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 years nmod 9 else else ADV _ 8 someone advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Older vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have not said to happen gerund Older not said here year vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 live participle vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Older means made or used longer ago than something else: «an older house».
The tree, 13 words nsubj ccomp cc conj advmod advmod case obl advmod punct punct det amod parataxis punct punct root Older ADJ means VERB made VERB or CCONJ used VERB longer ADV ago ADV than ADP something PRON else ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT an DET older ADJ house NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 used cc 5 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 made conj 6 longer long ADV Degree=Cmp 7 ago advmod 7 ago ago ADV _ 5 used advmod 8 than than ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 ago obl 10 else else ADV _ 9 something advmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 2 means punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 15 house punct 13 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 house det 14 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 15 house amod 15 house house NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 house punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Older vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 make participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 use participle ago property vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Anna is 3 years older than Tom.
nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked case obl punct root Anna PROPN is AUX 3 NUM years NOUN older ADJ than ADP Tom PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Anna Anna PROPN Number=Sing 5 older nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 older cop 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 years nummod 4 years year NOUN Number=Plur 5 older obl:unmarked 5 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 than than ADP _ 7 Tom case 7 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 5 older obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 older punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Anna year than Tom; old property tree rules
Example 2 Sam is 10 and Max is 2 years older.
nsubj cop cc nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked conj punct root Sam PROPN is AUX 10 NUM and CCONJ Max PROPN is AUX 2 NUM years NOUN older ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 3 10 nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 10 cop 3 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 9 older cc 5 Max Max PROPN Number=Sing 9 older nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 older cop 7 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 years nummod 8 years year NOUN Number=Plur 9 older obl:unmarked 9 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 10 conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 10 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sam 10 tree rules 2 is present Max year old property tree rules
Example 3 How much older is Mia than Zoe?
advmod amod nsubj cop case nmod punct root How ADV much ADJ older ADJ is AUX Mia PROPN than ADP Zoe PROPN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 much advmod 2 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 5 Mia amod 3 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 much nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 Mia cop 5 Mia Mia PROPN Number=Sing root root 6 than than ADP _ 7 Zoe case 7 Zoe Zoe PROPN Number=Sing 5 Mia nmod 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 Mia punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present much Mia than Zoe tree rules
Example 4 My older sister goes to high school.
nmod:poss amod nsubj case amod obl punct root My PRON older ADJ sister NOUN goes VERB to ADP high ADJ school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 sister nmod:poss 2 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 sister amod 3 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 4 goes nsubj 4 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to ADP _ 7 school case 6 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 7 school amod 7 school school NOUN Number=Sing 4 goes obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present My older sister high school vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial_Location
Example 5 Trees get taller as they get older.
nsubj xcomp mark nsubj advcl xcomp punct root Trees NOUN get VERB taller ADJ as SCONJ they PRON get VERB older ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 2 get nsubj 2 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 taller tall ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 get xcomp 4 as as SCONJ _ 6 get mark 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 get nsubj 6 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 get advcl 7 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 get xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present Trees tall property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 2 get present Trees = tree old property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 6 This phone is older than mine.
det nsubj cop case obl punct root This DET phone NOUN is AUX older ADJ than ADP mine PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 phone det 2 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 4 older nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 older cop 4 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 5 than than ADP _ 6 mine case 6 mine my PRON Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 older obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 older punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present this phone than mine; old property tree rules
Example 7 Grandma is 40 years older than me.
nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked case obl punct root Grandma NOUN is AUX 40 NUM years NOUN older ADJ than ADP me PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 5 older nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 older cop 3 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 years nummod 4 years year NOUN Number=Plur 5 older obl:unmarked 5 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 than than ADP _ 7 me case 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 older obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 older punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Grandma year than me; old property tree rules
Example 8 The older children help the little ones.
det amod nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET older ADJ children NOUN help VERB the DET little ADJ ones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 children det 2 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 children amod 3 children child NOUN Number=Plur 4 help nsubj 4 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ones det 6 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 7 ones amod 7 ones one NOUN Number=Plur 4 help obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present the older children the little ones vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Beneficiary
Example 9 And they grew older and wiser.
cc nsubj xcomp cc conj punct root And CCONJ they PRON grew VERB older ADJ and CCONJ wiser ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 3 grew cc 2 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 grew nsubj 3 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 grew xcomp 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 wiser cc 6 wiser wise ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 older conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 grew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past they old property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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