overcast Who acts: Overcast, you, overcast day, we, it, beach · What happens: describe, cover, not see, be, not be, overcast · To what, where: sky, sun., eclipse, It, weather diary, overcast · Speech: someone speaks here
«overcast» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: overcast in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Overcast describes a sky completely covered with grey clouds, so you cannot see the sun.
The tree, 16 words nsubj det obj advmod acl case amod obl punct advmod nsubj aux advmod parataxis det obj root Overcast PROPN describes VERB a DET sky NOUN completely ADV covered VERB with ADP grey ADJ clouds NOUN , PUNCT so ADV you PRON can AUX not PART see VERB the DET sun. NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Overcast Overcast PROPN Number=Sing 2 describes nsubj 2 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 sky det 4 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 2 describes obj 5 completely completely ADV _ 6 covered advmod 6 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 sky acl 7 with with ADP _ 9 clouds case 8 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 9 clouds amod 9 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 6 covered obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 see punct 11 so so ADV _ 15 see advmod 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 see nsubj 13 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 15 see aux 14 not not PART Polarity=Neg 15 see advmod 15 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 describes parataxis 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 sun. det 17 sun. sun. NOUN Number=Sing 15 see obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe present Overcast a sky vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent sky=Theme 2 cover participle a sky not said here with grey clouds; completely property vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with cloud=Theme 3 not see can you the sun. vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sun.=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: weather report — kept apart, not parsed.
An overcast day is dull and grey but not necessarily rainy.
det compound nsubj cop cc conj cc advmod advmod conj punct root An DET overcast NOUN day NOUN is AUX dull ADJ and CCONJ grey ADJ but CCONJ not PART necessarily ADV rainy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 day det 2 overcast overcast NOUN Number=Sing 3 day compound 3 day day NOUN Number=Sing 5 dull nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 dull cop 5 dull dull ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 grey cc 7 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 5 dull conj 8 but but CCONJ _ 11 rainy cc 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 rainy advmod 10 necessarily necessarily ADV _ 11 rainy advmod 11 rainy rainy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 dull conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 dull punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a overcast day dull property tree rules 2 be a overcast day not said here tree rules 3 not be a overcast day not said here necessarily property tree rules
Example 1 The sky was overcast, so we could not see the eclipse.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass punct advmod nsubj aux advmod conj det obj punct root The DET sky NOUN was AUX overcast VERB , PUNCT so ADV we PRON could AUX not PART see VERB the DET eclipse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sky det 2 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 4 overcast nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 overcast aux:pass 4 overcast overcast VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 10 see punct 6 so so ADV _ 10 see advmod 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 see nsubj 8 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 see aux 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 see advmod 10 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 overcast conj 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 eclipse det 12 eclipse eclipse NOUN Number=Sing 10 see obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 overcast punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 overcast past · passive the sky vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme 2 not see could we the eclipse vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer eclipse=Stimulus
Example 2 It was overcast all day but it never rained.
nsubj:pass aux:pass det obl:unmarked cc nsubj advmod conj punct root It PRON was AUX overcast VERB all DET day NOUN but CCONJ it PRON never ADV rained VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 overcast nsubj:pass 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 overcast aux:pass 3 overcast overcast VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 day det 5 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 overcast obl:unmarked 6 but but CCONJ _ 9 rained cc 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 rained nsubj 8 never never ADV PronType=Neg 9 rained advmod 9 rained rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 overcast conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 overcast punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 overcast past · passive It day vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme 2 not rain past it vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 3 On overcast days you can still get sunburnt.
case compound obl nsubj aux advmod xcomp punct root On ADP overcast NOUN days NOUN you PRON can AUX still ADV get VERB sunburnt ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 3 days case 2 overcast overcast NOUN Number=Sing 3 days compound 3 days day NOUN Number=Plur 7 get obl 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 get nsubj 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 get aux 6 still still ADV _ 7 get advmod 7 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 sunburnt sunburnt ADJ Degree=Pos 7 get xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get can you still; day sunburnt property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 4 Write in your weather diary: Monday, overcast and cold.
case nmod:poss compound obl punct parataxis punct appos cc conj punct root Write VERB in ADP your PRON weather NOUN diary NOUN : PUNCT Monday PROPN , PUNCT overcast ADJ and CCONJ cold ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 in in ADP _ 5 diary case 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 diary nmod:poss 4 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 5 diary compound 5 diary diary NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obl 6 : : PUNCT _ 7 Monday punct 7 Monday Monday PROPN Number=Sing 1 Write parataxis 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 overcast punct 9 overcast overcast ADJ Degree=Pos 7 Monday appos 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 cold cc 11 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 9 overcast conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here your weather diary vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in diary=Destination
Example 5 The beach looked grey and gloomy under the overcast sky.
det nsubj xcomp cc conj case det compound obl punct root The DET beach NOUN looked VERB grey ADJ and CCONJ gloomy ADJ under ADP the DET overcast NOUN sky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 beach det 2 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked nsubj 3 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 3 looked xcomp 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 gloomy cc 6 gloomy gloomy ADJ Degree=Pos 4 grey conj 7 under under ADP _ 10 sky case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 sky det 9 overcast overcast NOUN Number=Sing 10 sky compound 10 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 6 gloomy obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past the beach grey property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 6 The forecast says overcast in the morning, sunny later.
det nsubj ccomp case det obl punct ccomp advmod punct root The DET forecast NOUN says VERB overcast VERB in ADP the DET morning NOUN , PUNCT sunny ADJ later ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 forecast det 2 forecast forecast NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 overcast overcast VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 says ccomp 5 in in ADP _ 7 morning case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 morning det 7 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 4 overcast obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 sunny punct 9 sunny sunny ADJ Degree=Pos 3 says ccomp 10 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 9 sunny advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the forecast vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 overcast participle morning vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Pilots fly above the overcast into bright sunshine.
nsubj case det obl case amod obl punct root Pilots NOUN fly VERB above ADP the DET overcast NOUN into ADP bright ADJ sunshine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pilots pilot NOUN Number=Plur 2 fly nsubj 2 fly fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 above above ADP _ 5 overcast case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 overcast det 5 overcast overcast NOUN Number=Sing 2 fly obl 6 into into ADP _ 8 sunshine case 7 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sunshine amod 8 sunshine sunshine NOUN Number=Sing 2 fly obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 fly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly present Pilots the overcast into bright sunshine vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above overcast=Location
Example 8 ‘Ah, your majesty, they have been scattered day and night upon the sea, except when the sky was overcast,’ slyly answered Maie.
The tree, 22 words punct discourse punct nmod:poss vocative punct nsubj:pass aux aux:pass obl:unmarked cc conj case det obl punct mark advmod det nsubj:pass aux:pass conj punct punct advmod parataxis obj punct root ‘ PUNCT Ah INTJ , PUNCT your PRON majesty NOUN , PUNCT they PRON have AUX been AUX scattered VERB day NOUN and CCONJ night NOUN upon ADP the DET sea NOUN , PUNCT except ADP when ADV the DET sky NOUN was AUX overcast VERB , PUNCT ’ PUNCT slyly ADV answered VERB Maie PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 10 scattered punct 2 Ah ah INTJ _ 10 scattered discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 majesty punct 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 majesty nmod:poss 5 majesty majesty NOUN Number=Sing 2 Ah vocative 6 , , PUNCT _ 2 Ah punct 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 scattered nsubj:pass 8 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 scattered aux 9 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 10 scattered aux:pass 10 scattered scatter VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 11 day day NOUN Number=Sing 10 scattered obl:unmarked 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 night cc 13 night night NOUN Number=Sing 11 day conj 14 upon upon ADP _ 16 sea case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 sea det 16 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 10 scattered obl 17 , , PUNCT _ 23 overcast punct 18 except except ADP _ 23 overcast mark 19 when when ADV PronType=Int 23 overcast advmod 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 sky det 21 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 23 overcast nsubj:pass 22 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 23 overcast aux:pass 23 overcast overcast VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 scattered conj 24 , , PUNCT _ 10 scattered punct 25 ’ ' PUNCT _ 10 scattered punct 26 slyly slyly ADV _ 27 answered advmod 27 answered answer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 scattered parataxis 28 Maie Maie PROPN Number=Sing 27 answered obj 29 . . PUNCT _ 10 scattered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scatter present · perfect · passive they the sea day vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme upon sea=Destination 2 overcast past · passive the sky vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme 3 answer speech: assert past Maie slyly property vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent maie=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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