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overtake

Who acts: runner, you, car, Sales, Sleep, faster horse · What happens: overtake, be, move, go, mean, become · To what, where: same direction, three others, last lap, bend, bus, paper books

«overtake» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: overtake in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To overtake is to catch up with someone moving in the same direction and go past them.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 overtake	mark
2	overtake	overtake	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 catch	csubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 catch	cop
4	to	to	PART	_	5 catch	mark
5	catch	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 catch	compound:prt
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 someone	case
8	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 catch	obl
9	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 someone	acl
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 direction	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 direction	det
12	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 direction	amod
13	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 moving	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 go	cc
15	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 catch	conj
16	past	past	ADP	_	17 them	case
17	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 go	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 catch	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	overtake	to-infinitive							tree rules
2	is	present						with someone; catch property	tree rules
3	move	gerund				the same direction			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in direction=Trajectory
4	go	infinitive						past them = they	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme past they=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

To overtake can mean to become bigger or better than someone.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 overtake	mark
2	overtake	overtake	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
4	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 become	mark
6	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 mean	xcomp
7	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 become	xcomp
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 better	cc
9	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 bigger	conj
10	than	than	ADP	_	11 someone	case
11	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 bigger	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	can · infinitive							vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	become not said to happen	to-infinitive						big property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Meaning 3

To overtake can mean to happen to someone suddenly, like a feeling.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 overtake	mark
2	overtake	overtake	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
4	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 happen	mark
6	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 mean	xcomp
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 someone	case
8	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 happen	obl
9	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	_	6 happen	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 feeling	punct
11	like	like	ADP	_	13 feeling	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 feeling	det
13	feeling	feeling	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 happen	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	can · infinitive							vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	happen not said to happen	to-infinitive						to someone; like a feeling; suddenly property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 1

The runner overtook three others on the last lap.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 runner	det
2	runner	runner	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 overtook	nsubj
3	overtook	overtake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 others	nummod
5	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 overtook	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	9 lap	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 lap	det
8	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 lap	amod
9	lap	lap	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 overtook	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 overtook	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	overtake	past	the runner	three others		the last lap			tree rules

Example 2

Never overtake on a bend.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	2 overtake	advmod
2	overtake	overtake	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 bend	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 bend	det
5	bend	bend	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 overtake	obl
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 overtake	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not overtake	imperative	you not said here			a bend			tree rules

Example 3

A car overtook our bus.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 car	det
2	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 overtook	nsubj
3	overtook	overtake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 bus	nmod:poss
5	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 overtook	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 overtook	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	overtake	past	a car	our bus					tree rules

Example 4

Sales of e-books may overtake paper books.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sales	sale	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 overtake	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 e-books	case
3	e-books	e-book	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Sales	nmod
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 overtake	aux
5	overtake	overtake	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 books	compound
7	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 overtake	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 overtake	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	overtake	may	Sales of e-books	paper books					tree rules

Example 5

Sleep overtook the tired children.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 overtook	nsubj
2	overtook	overtake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 children	det
4	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 children	amod
5	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 overtook	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 overtook	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	overtake	past	Sleep	the tired children					tree rules

Example 6

The faster horse overtook the leader.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 horse	det
2	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 horse	amod
3	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 overtook	nsubj
4	overtook	overtake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 leader	det
6	leader	leader	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 overtook	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 overtook	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	overtake	past	the faster horse	the leader					tree rules

Example 7

The Prince followed, but could not overtake her.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Prince	det
2	Prince	Prince	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 followed	nsubj
3	followed	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 overtake	punct
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 overtake	cc
6	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 overtake	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 overtake	advmod
8	overtake	overtake	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 followed	parataxis
9	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 overtake	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 followed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	past	the Prince						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not overtake	could		her = she					tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/O/overtake/