owe Who acts: someone, they, I, You, Thanks, He · What happens: have, pay back, lend, give, do, owe · To what, where: money, something, favour, you, success, coach
«owe» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: owe in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To have to pay back money that someone lent you.
mark mark xcomp advmod obj obj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root To PART have VERB to PART pay VERB back ADV money NOUN that PRON someone PRON lent VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 have mark 2 have have VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 pay mark 4 pay pay VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 have xcomp 5 back back ADV _ 4 pay advmod 6 money money NOUN Number=Sing 4 pay obj 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 lent obj 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 lent nsubj 9 lent lend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 money acl:relcl 10 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 lent obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have to-infinitive tree rules 2 pay back to-infinitive money vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset 3 lend past someone money vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent that=Recipient you=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To have to give or do something for someone because of what they did: «I owe you a favour».
The tree, 19 words mark mark xcomp cc conj obj case obl case fixed nmod nsubj acl:relcl punct punct nsubj conj obj det obj punct punct root To PART have VERB to PART give VERB or CCONJ do VERB something PRON for ADP someone PRON because ADP of ADP what PRON they PRON did VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT I PRON owe VERB you PRON a DET favour NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 have mark 2 have have VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 give mark 4 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 have xcomp 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 do cc 6 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 give conj 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 do obj 8 for for ADP _ 9 someone case 9 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 do obl 10 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 12 what case 11 of of ADP _ 10 because fixed 12 what what PRON PronType=Rel 9 someone nmod 13 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 did nsubj 14 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 what acl:relcl 15 : : PUNCT _ 18 owe punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 18 owe punct 17 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 18 owe nsubj 18 owe owe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 have conj 19 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 18 owe obj 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 favour det 21 favour favour NOUN Number=Sing 18 owe obj 22 » » PUNCT _ 21 favour punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have to-infinitive tree rules 2 give to-infinitive vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 do infinitive something for someone vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 do past they vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 owe in a quote present I a favour you vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent you=Goal favour=Theme
Meaning 3 To have something because of someone: «I owe my success to my coach».
The tree, 13 words mark obj case fixed obl punct punct nsubj acl:relcl nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss obl punct punct root To PART have VERB something PRON because ADP of ADP someone PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT I PRON owe VERB my PRON success NOUN to ADP my PRON coach NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 have mark 2 have have VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 have obj 4 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 6 someone case 5 of of ADP _ 4 because fixed 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 have obl 7 : : PUNCT _ 10 owe punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 10 owe punct 9 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 owe nsubj 10 owe owe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 someone acl:relcl 11 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 success nmod:poss 12 success success NOUN Number=Sing 10 owe obj 13 to to ADP _ 15 coach case 14 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 coach nmod:poss 15 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 10 owe obl 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 coach punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have to-infinitive something because someone vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient 2 owe in a quote present I my success to my coach goal vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent success=Theme to coach=Goal
Example 1 I owe my brother two dollars.
nsubj nmod:poss iobj nummod obj punct root I PRON owe VERB my PRON brother NOUN two NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 owe nsubj 2 owe owe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 brother nmod:poss 4 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 2 owe iobj 5 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 dollars nummod 6 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 2 owe obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 owe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 owe present I two dollars my brother vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent brother=Goal dollar=Theme
Example 2 You owe me an apology.
nsubj iobj det obj punct root You PRON owe VERB me PRON an DET apology NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 owe nsubj 2 owe owe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 owe iobj 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 apology det 5 apology apology NOUN Number=Sing 2 owe obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 owe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 owe present You a apology me vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent i=Goal apology=Theme
Example 3 Thanks for helping — I owe you one!
mark acl punct nsubj parataxis obj obl punct root Thanks NOUN for SCONJ helping VERB — PUNCT I PRON owe VERB you PRON one NUM ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thanks thanks NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 for for SCONJ _ 3 helping mark 3 helping help VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Thanks acl 4 — - PUNCT _ 6 owe punct 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 owe nsubj 6 owe owe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Thanks parataxis 7 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 owe obj 8 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 owe obl 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Thanks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help gerund Thanks not said here vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 owe present I you one obl vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent you=Theme
Example 4 He borrowed $10 and paid back $6, so he owes $4.
The tree, 14 words nsubj obj nummod cc conj advmod obj nummod punct advmod nsubj parataxis obj nummod punct root He PRON borrowed VERB $ SYM 10 NUM and CCONJ paid VERB back ADV $ SYM 6 NUM , PUNCT so ADV he PRON owes VERB $ SYM 4 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 borrowed nsubj 2 borrowed borrow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 $ $ SYM _ 2 borrowed obj 4 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 $ nummod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 paid cc 6 paid pay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 borrowed conj 7 back back ADV _ 6 paid advmod 8 $ $ SYM _ 6 paid obj 9 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 $ nummod 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 owes punct 11 so so ADV _ 13 owes advmod 12 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 owes nsubj 13 owes owe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 borrowed parataxis 14 $ $ SYM _ 13 owes obj 15 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 14 $ nummod 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 borrowed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow past He vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent $=Theme 2 pay back past He not said here vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent $=Asset 3 owe present he vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent $=Theme
Example 5 We owe our safety to the lifeguard.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root We PRON owe VERB our PRON safety NOUN to ADP the DET lifeguard NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 owe nsubj 2 owe owe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 safety nmod:poss 4 safety safety NOUN Number=Sing 2 owe obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 lifeguard case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 lifeguard det 7 lifeguard lifeguard NOUN Number=Sing 2 owe obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 owe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 owe present We our safety to the lifeguard goal vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent safety=Theme to lifeguard=Goal
Example 6 The match was cancelled owing to rain.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl mark obj punct root The DET match NOUN was AUX cancelled VERB owing VERB to PART rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 match det 2 match match NOUN Number=Sing 4 cancelled nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 cancelled aux:pass 4 cancelled cancel VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 owing owe VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 cancelled advcl 6 to to PART _ 7 rain mark 7 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 5 owing obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 cancelled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cancel past · passive the match tree rules 2 owe gerund rain vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent rain=Theme
Example 7 “But I owe money to several people.”
punct cc nsubj obj case amod obl punct punct root “ PUNCT But CCONJ I PRON owe VERB money NOUN to ADP several ADJ people NOUN . PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 4 owe punct 2 But but CCONJ _ 4 owe cc 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 owe nsubj 4 owe owe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 money money NOUN Number=Sing 4 owe obj 6 to to ADP _ 8 people case 7 several several ADJ Degree=Pos 8 people amod 8 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 owe obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 owe punct 10 ” " PUNCT _ 4 owe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 owe in a quote present I money several people vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent money=Theme to people=Goal
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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