oxbow Who acts: oxbow, curved lake, shaped wooden collar, oxbow lake, We, Mississippi River · What happens: curve, be, form, cut off, shape, fit · To what, where: curved lake, bend, main river, big shaped bend, river, shaped wooden collar
«oxbow» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: oxbow in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An oxbow (oxbow lake) is a curved lake that forms when a bend (meander) of a river is cut off from the main river.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj punct compound appos punct cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl mark det nsubj:pass punct appos punct case det nmod aux:pass advcl compound:prt case det amod obl punct root An DET oxbow NOUN ( PUNCT oxbow NOUN lake NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX a DET curved VERB lake NOUN that PRON forms VERB when SCONJ a DET bend NOUN ( PUNCT meander NOUN ) PUNCT of ADP a DET river NOUN is AUX cut VERB off ADP from ADP the DET main ADJ river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 oxbow det 2 oxbow oxbow NOUN Number=Sing 10 lake nsubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 lake punct 4 oxbow oxbow NOUN Number=Sing 5 lake compound 5 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 2 oxbow appos 6 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 lake punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 lake cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 lake det 9 curved curve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 lake amod 10 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 forms nsubj 12 forms form VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 lake acl:relcl 13 when when SCONJ _ 23 cut mark 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 bend det 15 bend bend NOUN Number=Sing 23 cut nsubj:pass 16 ( ( PUNCT _ 17 meander punct 17 meander meander NOUN Number=Sing 15 bend appos 18 ) ) PUNCT _ 17 meander punct 19 of of ADP _ 21 river case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 river det 21 river river NOUN Number=Sing 15 bend nmod 22 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 cut aux:pass 23 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 forms advcl 24 off off ADP _ 23 cut compound:prt 25 from from ADP _ 28 river case 26 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 river det 27 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 28 river amod 28 river river NOUN Number=Sing 23 cut obl 29 . . PUNCT _ 10 lake punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curve participle vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material 2 is a present a oxbow a curved lake tree rules 3 form present a curved lake vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 cut off present · passive a bend of a river the main river vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Theme from river=Initial_Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 An oxbow is also a big U-shaped bend in a river.
det nsubj cop advmod det amod compound punct amod case det nmod punct root An DET oxbow NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET big ADJ U PROPN - PUNCT shaped VERB bend NOUN in ADP a DET river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 oxbow det 2 oxbow oxbow NOUN Number=Sing 10 bend nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 bend cop 4 also also ADV _ 10 bend advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 bend det 6 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 10 bend amod 7 U U PROPN Number=Sing 9 shaped compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 U punct 9 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 bend amod 10 bend bend NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 in in ADP _ 13 river case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 river det 13 river river NOUN Number=Sing 10 bend nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 10 bend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shape participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 is a present a oxbow a big shaped bend a river tree rules
Meaning 3 An oxbow is a U-shaped wooden collar that fits around an ox's neck to fix it to a yoke.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det compound punct amod amod nsubj acl:relcl case det nmod:poss case obl mark advcl obj case det obl punct root An DET oxbow NOUN is AUX a DET U PROPN - PUNCT shaped VERB wooden ADJ collar NOUN that PRON fits VERB around ADP an DET ox NOUN 's PART neck NOUN to PART fix VERB it PRON to ADP a DET yoke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 oxbow det 2 oxbow oxbow NOUN Number=Sing 9 collar nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 collar cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 collar det 5 U U PROPN Number=Sing 7 shaped compound 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 U punct 7 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 collar amod 8 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 9 collar amod 9 collar collar NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 fits nsubj 11 fits fit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 collar acl:relcl 12 around around ADP _ 16 neck case 13 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 ox det 14 ox ox NOUN Number=Sing 16 neck nmod:poss 15 's 's PART _ 14 ox case 16 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 11 fits obl 17 to to PART _ 18 fix mark 18 fix fix VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 fits advcl 19 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 fix obj 20 to to ADP _ 22 yoke case 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 yoke det 22 yoke yoke NOUN Number=Sing 18 fix obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 9 collar punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shape participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 is a present a oxbow a shaped wooden collar tree rules 3 fit present a shaped wooden collar a ox's neck vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent around neck=Trajectory 4 fix to-infinitive a shaped wooden collar not said here oxbow to a yoke vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent it=Patient to yoke=Co-Patient
Example 1 An oxbow lake forms when a meander is cut off.
det compound nsubj mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl compound:prt punct root An DET oxbow NOUN lake NOUN forms VERB when SCONJ a DET meander NOUN is AUX cut VERB off ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 lake det 2 oxbow oxbow NOUN Number=Sing 3 lake compound 3 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 4 forms nsubj 4 forms form VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 when when SCONJ _ 9 cut mark 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 meander det 7 meander meander NOUN Number=Sing 9 cut nsubj:pass 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 cut aux:pass 9 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 forms advcl 10 off off ADP _ 9 cut compound:prt 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 forms punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 form present a oxbow lake vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 cut off present · passive a meander vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality
Example 2 We drew a diagram of how an oxbow lake forms.
nsubj det obj case advmod det compound compound nmod punct root We PRON drew VERB a DET diagram NOUN of ADP how ADV an DET oxbow NOUN lake NOUN forms NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 drew nsubj 2 drew draw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 diagram det 4 diagram diagram NOUN Number=Sing 2 drew obj 5 of of ADP _ 10 forms case 6 how how ADV PronType=Int 10 forms advmod 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 forms det 8 oxbow oxbow NOUN Number=Sing 9 lake compound 9 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 10 forms compound 10 forms form NOUN Number=Plur 4 diagram nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 drew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw past We a diagram of a lake forms vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent diagram=Theme
Example 3 The Mississippi River has many oxbow lakes.
det compound nsubj amod amod obj punct root The DET Mississippi PROPN River PROPN has VERB many ADJ oxbow ADJ lakes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 River det 2 Mississippi Mississippi PROPN Number=Sing 3 River compound 3 River River PROPN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 7 lakes amod 6 oxbow oxbow ADJ Degree=Pos 7 lakes amod 7 lakes lake NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the Mississippi River many oxbow lakes vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lake=Patient
Example 4 Ducks swam on the quiet oxbow.
nsubj case det amod obl punct root Ducks NOUN swam VERB on ADP the DET quiet ADJ oxbow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ducks duck NOUN Number=Plur 2 swam nsubj 2 swam swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 6 oxbow case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 oxbow det 5 quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos 6 oxbow amod 6 oxbow oxbow NOUN Number=Sing 2 swam obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 swam punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim past Ducks the quiet oxbow vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on oxbow=Trajectory
Example 5 The flood cut through the neck of the meander and made an oxbow.
det nsubj case det obl case det nmod cc conj det obj punct root The DET flood NOUN cut VERB through ADP the DET neck NOUN of ADP the DET meander NOUN and CCONJ made VERB an DET oxbow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 flood det 2 flood flood NOUN Number=Sing 3 cut nsubj 3 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 through through ADP _ 6 neck case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 neck det 6 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 3 cut obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 meander case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 meander det 9 meander meander NOUN Number=Sing 6 neck nmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 made cc 11 made make VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 cut conj 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 oxbow det 13 oxbow oxbow NOUN Number=Sing 11 made obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut participle the flood through the neck of the meander vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent through neck=Patient 2 make past the flood not said here a oxbow vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset oxbow=Product
Example 6 The farmer's old ox wore a wooden oxbow.
det nmod:poss case amod nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET farmer NOUN 's PART old ADJ ox NOUN wore VERB a DET wooden ADJ oxbow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 5 ox nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 farmer case 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 ox amod 5 ox ox NOUN Number=Sing 6 wore nsubj 6 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 oxbow det 8 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 9 oxbow amod 9 oxbow oxbow NOUN Number=Sing 6 wore obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past the farmer's old ox a wooden oxbow vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent oxbow=Source
Example 7 Oxbow lakes slowly fill with mud and plants.
compound nsubj advmod case obl cc conj punct root Oxbow NOUN lakes NOUN slowly ADV fill VERB with ADP mud NOUN and CCONJ plants NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Oxbow oxbow NOUN Number=Sing 2 lakes compound 2 lakes lake NOUN Number=Plur 4 fill nsubj 3 slowly slowly ADV _ 4 fill advmod 4 fill fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 with with ADP _ 6 mud case 6 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 4 fill obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 plants cc 8 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 6 mud conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 fill punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fill present Oxbow lakes with mud and plants; slowly property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with mud=Instrument
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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