paradox Who acts: statement, situation, two opposite facts, puzzle, sentence, It · What happens: seem, contradict, be, have, reason, lead · To what, where: idea, two opposite facts, famous paradox, paradox, strange paradox, tortoise · Speech: someone speaks here
«paradox» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: paradox in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A statement or idea that seems to contradict itself or seems impossible, but may still be true.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cc conj nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp obj cc conj xcomp punct cc aux advmod cop punct root A DET statement NOUN or CCONJ idea NOUN that PRON seems VERB to PART contradict VERB itself PRON or CCONJ seems VERB impossible ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ may AUX still ADV be AUX true ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 statement det 2 statement statement NOUN Number=Sing 18 true nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 idea cc 4 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 2 statement conj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 seems nsubj 6 seems seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 statement acl:relcl 7 to to PART _ 8 contradict mark 8 contradict contradict VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 seems xcomp 9 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 8 contradict obj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 seems cc 11 seems seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 seems conj 12 impossible impossible ADJ Degree=Pos 11 seems xcomp 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 true punct 14 but but CCONJ _ 18 true cc 15 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 18 true aux 16 still still ADV _ 18 true advmod 17 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 18 true cop 18 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 19 . . PUNCT _ 18 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 seem present a statement or idea vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute 2 contradict to-infinitive a statement or idea not said here idea tree rules 3 seem present a statement or idea not said here impossible property vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme 4 is may a statement or idea still true property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A situation that has two opposite facts that both seem to be true.
det nsubj acl:relcl nummod amod obj nsubj advmod acl:relcl mark cop xcomp punct root A DET situation NOUN that PRON has VERB two NUM opposite ADJ facts NOUN that PRON both DET seem VERB to PART be AUX true ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 situation det 2 situation situation NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 situation acl:relcl 5 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 facts nummod 6 opposite opposite ADJ Degree=Pos 7 facts amod 7 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 seem nsubj 9 both both DET PronType=Tot 10 seem advmod 10 seem seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 facts acl:relcl 11 to to PART _ 13 true mark 12 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 13 true cop 13 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 10 seem xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 situation punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a situation two opposite facts vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Patient 2 seem present two opposite facts vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme 3 is to-infinitive two opposite facts not said here true property tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: logic — kept apart, not parsed.
A puzzle where reasoning leads to an impossible answer, such as "This sentence is false.".
The tree, 15 words det nsubj advmod acl case det amod obl punct mark fixed punct det nsubj cop parataxis punct punct punct root A DET puzzle NOUN where ADV reasoning VERB leads VERB to ADP an DET impossible ADJ answer NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP " PUNCT This DET sentence NOUN is AUX false ADJ . PUNCT " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 puzzle det 2 puzzle puzzle NOUN Number=Sing 5 leads nsubj 3 where where ADV PronType=Rel 4 reasoning advmod 4 reasoning reason VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 puzzle acl 5 leads lead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to ADP _ 9 answer case 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 answer det 8 impossible impossible ADJ Degree=Pos 9 answer amod 9 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 5 leads obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 17 false punct 11 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ 17 false mark 12 as as ADP _ 11 such fixed 13 " " PUNCT _ 17 false punct 14 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 15 sentence det 15 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 17 false nsubj 16 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 false cop 17 false false ADJ Degree=Pos 9 answer parataxis 18 . . PUNCT _ 17 false punct 19 " " PUNCT _ 17 false punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 leads punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reason gerund vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 lead present a puzzle to a impossible answer vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to answer=Patient 3 is in a quote present this sentence false property tree rules
Example 1 "This sentence is false" is a famous paradox.
punct det nsubj cop parataxis punct cop det amod punct root " PUNCT This DET sentence NOUN is AUX false ADJ " PUNCT is AUX a DET famous ADJ paradox NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 false punct 2 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 3 sentence det 3 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 5 false nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 false cop 5 false false ADJ Degree=Pos 10 paradox parataxis 6 " " PUNCT _ 5 false punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 paradox cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 paradox det 9 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 10 paradox amod 10 paradox paradox NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 paradox punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present this sentence false property tree rules 2 is a present a famous paradox tree rules
Example 2 It's a paradox that the busiest people often have the most time to help.
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop det mark det amod nsubj advmod advcl det amod obj mark acl punct root It PRON 's AUX a DET paradox NOUN that SCONJ the DET busiest ADJ people NOUN often ADV have VERB the DET most ADJ time NOUN to PART help VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 paradox nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 paradox cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 paradox det 4 paradox paradox NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 that that SCONJ _ 10 have mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 people det 7 busiest busy ADJ Degree=Sup 8 people amod 8 people people NOUN Number=Plur 10 have nsubj 9 often often ADV _ 10 have advmod 10 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 paradox advcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 time det 12 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 13 time amod 13 time time NOUN Number=Sing 10 have obj 14 to to PART _ 15 help mark 15 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 time acl 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 paradox punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It a paradox tree rules 2 have present the busiest people time often property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 help to-infinitive the busiest people not said here vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The time machine story had a strange paradox.
det compound compound nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET time NOUN machine NOUN story NOUN had VERB a DET strange ADJ paradox NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 story det 2 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 machine compound 3 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing 4 story compound 4 story story NOUN Number=Sing 5 had nsubj 5 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 paradox det 7 strange strange ADJ Degree=Pos 8 paradox amod 8 paradox paradox NOUN Number=Sing 5 had obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the machine story a strange paradox vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paradox=Patient
Example 4 "Less is more" sounds like a paradox.
punct nsubj cop conj punct case det obl punct root " PUNCT Less ADJ is AUX more ADJ " PUNCT sounds VERB like ADP a DET paradox NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Less punct 2 Less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 sounds nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 more cop 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 Less conj 5 " " PUNCT _ 2 Less punct 6 sounds sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 like like ADP _ 9 paradox case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 paradox det 9 paradox paradox NOUN Number=Sing 6 sounds obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 sounds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present Less not said here more property tree rules 2 sound present Less like a paradox vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 5 Zeno's paradox says a runner can never catch a tortoise, but in real life he does.
The tree, 17 words nmod:poss case nsubj det nsubj aux advmod ccomp det obj punct cc case amod obl nsubj conj punct root Zeno PROPN 's PART paradox NOUN says VERB a DET runner NOUN can AUX never ADV catch VERB a DET tortoise NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ in ADP real ADJ life NOUN he PRON does VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Zeno Zeno PROPN Number=Sing 3 paradox nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Zeno case 3 paradox paradox NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 runner det 6 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing 9 catch nsubj 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 catch aux 8 never never ADV PronType=Neg 9 catch advmod 9 catch catch VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 says ccomp 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 tortoise det 11 tortoise tortoise NOUN Number=Sing 9 catch obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 18 does punct 13 but but CCONJ _ 18 does cc 14 in in ADP _ 16 life case 15 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 16 life amod 16 life life NOUN Number=Sing 18 does obl 17 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 does nsubj 18 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 says conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Zeno's paradox vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 not catch can a runner a tortoise vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tortoise=Theme 3 do present runner real life vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 It was a paradox: the more she tried to sleep, the more awake she felt.
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop det punct det advmod nsubj conj mark xcomp punct det advmod parataxis nsubj ccomp punct root It PRON was AUX a DET paradox NOUN : PUNCT the DET more ADV she PRON tried VERB to PART sleep VERB , PUNCT the DET more ADV awake ADJ she PRON felt VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 paradox nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 paradox cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 paradox det 4 paradox paradox NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 : : PUNCT _ 9 tried punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 more det 7 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 9 tried advmod 8 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 tried nsubj 9 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 paradox conj 10 to to PART _ 11 sleep mark 11 sleep sleep VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 tried xcomp 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 awake punct 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 awake det 14 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 15 awake advmod 15 awake awake ADJ Degree=Pos 4 paradox parataxis 16 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 felt nsubj 17 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 awake ccomp 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 paradox punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It a paradox tree rules 2 try past she vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 sleep not said to happen to-infinitive she not said here vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 feel past she vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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