paramecia Who acts: Paramecia, tiny celled living things, tiny hairs, We, One paramecium · What happens: cell, live, be, shape, swim, use · To what, where: tiny celled living things, fresh water, tiny hairs, cilia, paramecia, microscope · Speech: someone speaks here
«paramecia» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: paramecia in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Paramecia are tiny one-celled living things that live in fresh water and are shaped like a slipper; they swim using tiny hairs called cilia.
The tree, 25 words nsubj cop amod compound punct amod amod nsubj acl:relcl case amod obl cc aux:pass conj case det obl punct nsubj parataxis advcl amod obj acl xcomp punct root Paramecia NOUN are AUX tiny ADJ one NUM - PUNCT celled VERB living VERB things NOUN that PRON live VERB in ADP fresh ADJ water NOUN and CCONJ are AUX shaped VERB like ADP a DET slipper NOUN ; PUNCT they PRON swim VERB using VERB tiny ADJ hairs NOUN called VERB cilia NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Paramecia paramecium NOUN Number=Plur 8 things nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 things cop 3 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 8 things amod 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 celled compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 one punct 6 celled cell VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 things amod 7 living live VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 things amod 8 things thing NOUN Number=Plur root root 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 live nsubj 10 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 things acl:relcl 11 in in ADP _ 13 water case 12 fresh fresh ADJ Degree=Pos 13 water amod 13 water water NOUN Number=Sing 10 live obl 14 and and CCONJ _ 16 shaped cc 15 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 shaped aux:pass 16 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 live conj 17 like like ADP _ 19 slipper case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 slipper det 19 slipper slipper NOUN Number=Sing 16 shaped obl 20 ; ; PUNCT _ 22 swim punct 21 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 swim nsubj 22 swim swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 things parataxis 23 using use VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 22 swim advcl 24 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 25 hairs amod 25 hairs hair NOUN Number=Plur 23 using obj 26 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 25 hairs acl 27 cilia cilium NOUN Number=Plur 26 called xcomp 28 . . PUNCT _ 8 things punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cell participle tree rules 2 live gerund vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 is a present Paramecia tiny celled living things tree rules 4 live present tiny celled living things fresh water vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location 5 shape present · passive tiny celled living things not said here like a slipper vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP» 6 swim present Paramecia = paramecium vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 7 use gerund Paramecia = paramecium not said here tiny hairs vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient 8 call participle tiny hairs not said here cilia vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 We saw paramecia under the microscope.
nsubj obj case det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB paramecia NOUN under ADP the DET microscope NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 paramecia paramecium NOUN Number=Plur 2 saw obj 4 under under ADP _ 6 microscope case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 microscope det 6 microscope microscope NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We paramecia the microscope vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer paramecium=Stimulus
Example 2 Paramecia live in pond water.
nsubj case compound obl punct root Paramecia NOUN live VERB in ADP pond NOUN water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Paramecia paramecium NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 water case 4 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 5 water compound 5 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 live obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Paramecia pond water vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location
Example 3 Paramecia swim by waving tiny hairs called cilia.
nsubj mark advcl amod obj acl xcomp punct root Paramecia NOUN swim VERB by SCONJ waving VERB tiny ADJ hairs NOUN called VERB cilia NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Paramecia paramecium NOUN Number=Plur 2 swim nsubj 2 swim swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 by by SCONJ _ 4 waving mark 4 waving wave VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 swim advcl 5 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 hairs amod 6 hairs hair NOUN Number=Plur 4 waving obj 7 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 hairs acl 8 cilia cilium NOUN Number=Plur 7 called xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim present Paramecia vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 wave gerund Paramecia not said here tiny hairs vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient 3 call participle tiny hairs not said here cilia vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 One paramecium is too small to see with your eyes.
nummod nsubj cop advmod mark advcl case nmod:poss obl punct root One NUM paramecium NOUN is AUX too ADV small ADJ to PART see VERB with ADP your PRON eyes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 paramecium nummod 2 paramecium paramecium NOUN Number=Sing 5 small nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 small cop 4 too too ADV _ 5 small advmod 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 to to PART _ 7 see mark 7 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 small advcl 8 with with ADP _ 10 eyes case 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 eyes nmod:poss 10 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 7 see obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 small punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present One paramecium small property tree rules 2 see to-infinitive One paramecium not said here with your eyes vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 5 The paramecia ate the bacteria in the drop of water.
det nsubj det obj case det obl case nmod punct root The DET paramecia NOUN ate VERB the DET bacteria NOUN in ADP the DET drop NOUN of ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 paramecia det 2 paramecia paramecium NOUN Number=Plur 3 ate nsubj 3 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bacteria det 5 bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 3 ate obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 drop case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 drop det 8 drop drop NOUN Number=Sing 3 ate obl 9 of of ADP _ 10 water case 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 8 drop nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 ate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat past the paramecia the bacteria the drop of water vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacterium=Patient
Example 6 Paramecia are shaped a bit like a slipper.
nsubj:pass aux:pass det obl:unmarked case det obl punct root Paramecia NOUN are AUX shaped VERB a DET bit NOUN like ADP a DET slipper NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Paramecia paramecium NOUN Number=Plur 3 shaped nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 shaped aux:pass 3 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 bit det 5 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 3 shaped obl:unmarked 6 like like ADP _ 8 slipper case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 slipper det 8 slipper slipper NOUN Number=Sing 3 shaped obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 shaped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shape present · passive Paramecia like a slipper; a bit obl:unmarked vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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