parenthesis

Who acts: Round brackets, cat, you, dashes, parenthesis, teacher · What happens: put, mark, show, do, be, sleep · To what, where: sentence, extra information, part, parenthesis, parentheses, maths · Speech: someone speaks here

«parenthesis» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: parenthesis in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: punctuation — kept apart, not parsed.

A word, phrase or sentence put into another sentence as extra information, marked by brackets, commas or dashes.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 phrase	punct
4	phrase	phrase	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 word	appos
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 sentence	cc
6	sentence	sentence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 word	conj
7	put	put	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 sentence	acl
8	into	into	ADP	_	10 sentence	case
9	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	10 sentence	det
10	sentence	sentence	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 put	obl
11	as	as	ADP	_	13 information	case
12	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 information	amod
13	information	information	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 put	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 marked	punct
15	marked	mark	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 information	acl
16	by	by	ADP	_	17 brackets	case
17	brackets	bracket	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 marked	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 commas	punct
19	commas	comma	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 brackets	conj
20	or	or	CCONJ	_	21 dashes	cc
21	dashes	dash	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 brackets	conj
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 word	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	participle		sentence not said here		another sentence		as extra information	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
2	mark	participle		extra information not said here				by brackets and commas or dashes	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent by bracket=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: US — kept apart, not parsed.

One of the round brackets ( ).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 brackets	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 brackets	det
4	round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 brackets	amod
5	brackets	bracket	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 One	nmod
6	(	(	PUNCT	_	7 )	punct
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	5 brackets	punct
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 One	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

Round brackets that show which part of a calculation to do first.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 brackets	amod
2	brackets	bracket	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 show	nsubj
4	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 brackets	acl:relcl
5	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	6 part	det
6	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 show	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 calculation	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 calculation	det
9	calculation	calculation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 part	nmod
10	to	to	PART	_	11 do	mark
11	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 show	ccomp
12	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	11 do	advmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 brackets	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	Round brackets	which part of a calculation					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent part=Recipient clause=Topic
2	do	to-infinitive						first property	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 1

My cat, who is very lazy, sleeps all day — this is parenthesis with commas.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cat	nmod:poss
2	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sleeps	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 lazy	punct
4	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 lazy	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 lazy	cop
6	very	very	ADV	_	7 lazy	advmod
7	lazy	lazy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 cat	acl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 cat	punct
9	sleeps	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 day	det
11	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sleeps	obl:unmarked
12	—	-	PUNCT	_	15 parenthesis	punct
13	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	15 parenthesis	det
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 parenthesis	cop
15	parenthesis	parenthesis	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sleeps	obl
16	with	with	ADP	_	17 commas	case
17	commas	comma	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 parenthesis	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 sleeps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	My cat			lazy property	tree rules
2	sleep	present	My cat		day		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is a	present		this parenthesis		with commas	tree rules

Example 2

Put extra information in parentheses (like this).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 information	amod
3	information	information	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Put	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 parentheses	case
5	parentheses	parenthesis	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Put	obl
6	(	(	PUNCT	_	8 this	punct
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 this	case
8	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 parentheses	nmod
9	)	)	PUNCT	_	8 this	punct
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	imperative	you not said here	extra information		parentheses like this			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent information=Theme in parenthesis=Destination

Example 3

In maths, work out the parentheses first: (3 + 4) × 2 = 14.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 maths	case
2	maths	math	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 work	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 maths	punct
4	work	work	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	out	out	ADP	_	4 work	compound:prt
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 parentheses	det
7	parentheses	parenthesis	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 work	obj
8	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	4 work	advmod
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 3	punct
10	(	(	PUNCT	_	11 3	punct
11	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 work	obl
12	+	+	SYM	_	13 4	cc
13	4	4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 3	conj
14	)	)	PUNCT	_	11 3	punct
15	×	×	SYM	Number=Sing	11 3	nmod:unmarked
16	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 ×	flat
17	=	=	SYM	_	18 14	case
18	14	14	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	16 2	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 work	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	work out	imperative	you not said here	the parentheses		maths		3 obl; first property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parenthesis=Topic

Example 4

Use dashes for parenthesis — they make it stand out.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Use	use	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	dashes	dash	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Use	obj
3	for	for	ADP	_	4 parenthesis	case
4	parenthesis	parenthesis	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Use	obl
5	—	-	PUNCT	_	7 make	punct
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 make	nsubj
7	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Use	parataxis
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 make	obj
9	stand	stand	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 make	xcomp
10	out	out	ADP	_	9 stand	compound:prt
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Use	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	use	imperative	you not said here	dashes	for parenthesis	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent dash=Theme for parenthesis=Eventuality
2	make	present	dashes = dash	parenthesis		tree rules
3	stand out	infinitive	parenthesis not said here			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 5

The teacher asked us to add a parenthesis to our sentence.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 teacher	det
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 asked	nsubj
3	asked	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 asked	iobj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 add	mark
6	add	add	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 asked	xcomp
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 parenthesis	det
8	parenthesis	parenthesis	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 add	obj
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 sentence	case
10	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 sentence	nmod:poss
11	sentence	sentence	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 add	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 asked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	past	the teacher		us		vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic
2	add speech: assert not said to happen	to-infinitive	the teacher not said here	a parenthesis		to our sentence	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent parenthesis=Patient to sentence=Co-Patient
3	sentence		our				nom sentence «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Example 6

In the US, ( ) are called parentheses; in the UK they are usually «brackets».

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 US	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 US	det
3	US	US	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 called	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 US	punct
5	(	(	PUNCT	_	8 called	punct
6	)	)	PUNCT	_	5 (	punct
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 called	aux:pass
8	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	parentheses	parenthesis	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 called	xcomp
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 brackets	punct
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 UK	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 UK	det
13	UK	UK	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 brackets	obl
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 brackets	nsubj
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 brackets	cop
16	usually	usually	ADV	_	18 brackets	advmod
17	«	«	PUNCT	_	18 brackets	punct
18	brackets	bracket	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 called	xcomp
19	»	»	PUNCT	_	18 brackets	punct
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 called	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call speech: assert	present · passive		parentheses				in the US	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»
2	is a in a quote	present	parentheses = parenthesis	brackets		the UK		usually property	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/parenthesis/