parthenogenesis Who acts: Parthenogenesis, animals, aphids, Komodo dragon, Whiptail lizards, baby · What happens: be, have, not fertilis, need, reproduce, use · To what, where: way, babies, egg, father, parthenogenesis, kind · Speech: someone speaks here
«parthenogenesis» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: parthenogenesis in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Parthenogenesis is a way some animals and plants have babies from an egg that has not been fertilised, so no father is needed.
The tree, 23 words nsubj cop det det nsubj cc conj acl:relcl obj case det nmod nsubj:pass aux advmod aux:pass acl:relcl punct advmod det nsubj aux:pass conj punct root Parthenogenesis NOUN is AUX a DET way NOUN some DET animals NOUN and CCONJ plants NOUN have VERB babies NOUN from ADP an DET egg NOUN that PRON has AUX not PART been AUX fertilised VERB , PUNCT so ADV no DET father NOUN is AUX needed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Parthenogenesis parthenogenesis NOUN Number=Sing 4 way nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 way cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 way det 4 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 some some DET PronType=Ind 6 animals det 6 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 9 have nsubj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 plants cc 8 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 6 animals conj 9 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 way acl:relcl 10 babies baby NOUN Number=Plur 9 have obj 11 from from ADP _ 13 egg case 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 egg det 13 egg egg NOUN Number=Sing 10 babies nmod 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 18 fertilised nsubj:pass 15 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 fertilised aux 16 not not PART Polarity=Neg 18 fertilised advmod 17 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 18 fertilised aux:pass 18 fertilised fertilis VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 egg acl:relcl 19 , , PUNCT _ 24 needed punct 20 so so ADV _ 24 needed advmod 21 no no DET PronType=Neg 22 father det 22 father father NOUN Number=Sing 24 needed nsubj 23 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 needed aux:pass 24 needed need VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 have conj 25 . . PUNCT _ 4 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Parthenogenesis a way tree rules 2 have present some animals and plants babies a egg vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient 3 not fertilis present · perfect · passive a egg tree rules 4 need present · passive no father vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Some aphids reproduce by parthenogenesis in summer.
det nsubj case obl case obl punct root Some DET aphids NOUN reproduce VERB by ADP parthenogenesis NOUN in ADP summer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 aphids det 2 aphids aphid NOUN Number=Plur 3 reproduce nsubj 3 reproduce reproduce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 by by ADP _ 5 parthenogenesis case 5 parthenogenesis parthenogenesis NOUN Number=Sing 3 reproduce obl 6 in in ADP _ 7 summer case 7 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 3 reproduce obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 reproduce punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reproduce present some aphids summer by parthenogenesis vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 A Komodo dragon in a zoo had babies by parthenogenesis.
det compound nsubj case det nmod obj case obl punct root A DET Komodo PROPN dragon NOUN in ADP a DET zoo NOUN had VERB babies NOUN by ADP parthenogenesis NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 dragon det 2 Komodo Komodo PROPN Number=Sing 3 dragon compound 3 dragon dragon NOUN Number=Sing 7 had nsubj 4 in in ADP _ 6 zoo case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 zoo det 6 zoo zoo NOUN Number=Sing 3 dragon nmod 7 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 babies baby NOUN Number=Plur 7 had obj 9 by by ADP _ 10 parthenogenesis case 10 parthenogenesis parthenogenesis NOUN Number=Sing 7 had obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past a Komodo dragon in a zoo babies by parthenogenesis vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient
Example 3 Whiptail lizards are all female and use parthenogenesis.
compound nsubj cop advmod cc conj obj punct root Whiptail NOUN lizards NOUN are AUX all ADV female ADJ and CCONJ use VERB parthenogenesis NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Whiptail whiptail NOUN Number=Sing 2 lizards compound 2 lizards lizard NOUN Number=Plur 5 female nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 female cop 4 all all ADV _ 5 female advmod 5 female female ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 use cc 7 use use VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 female conj 8 parthenogenesis parthenogenesis NOUN Number=Sing 7 use obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 female punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Whiptail lizards all, female property tree rules 2 use infinitive Whiptail lizards not said here parthenogenesis vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parthenogenesis=Patient
Example 4 Parthenogenesis means a baby grows from an unfertilised egg.
nsubj det nsubj ccomp case det amod obl punct root Parthenogenesis NOUN means VERB a DET baby NOUN grows VERB from ADP an DET unfertilised ADJ egg NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Parthenogenesis parthenogenesis NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 baby det 4 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 5 grows nsubj 5 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 means ccomp 6 from from ADP _ 9 egg case 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 egg det 8 unfertilised unfertilised ADJ Degree=Pos 9 egg amod 9 egg egg NOUN Number=Sing 5 grows obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Parthenogenesis vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 grow present a baby from a unfertilised egg vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from egg=Patient
Example 5 Male honeybees come from unfertilised eggs, a kind of parthenogenesis.
amod nsubj case amod obl punct det obl case nmod punct root Male ADJ honeybees NOUN come VERB from ADP unfertilised ADJ eggs NOUN , PUNCT a DET kind NOUN of ADP parthenogenesis NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Male male ADJ Degree=Pos 2 honeybees amod 2 honeybees honeybee NOUN Number=Plur 3 come nsubj 3 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 from from ADP _ 6 eggs case 5 unfertilised unfertilised ADJ Degree=Pos 6 eggs amod 6 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 3 come obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 kind punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 kind det 9 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 3 come obl 10 of of ADP _ 11 parthenogenesis case 11 parthenogenesis parthenogenesis NOUN Number=Sing 9 kind nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present Male honeybees a kind of parthenogenesis unfertilised eggs vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from egg=Initial_Location
Example 6 Scientists were surprised to find parthenogenesis in a shark.
nsubj cop mark advcl obj case det nmod punct root Scientists NOUN were AUX surprised ADJ to PART find VERB parthenogenesis NOUN in ADP a DET shark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 3 surprised nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 surprised cop 3 surprised surprised ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 find mark 5 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 surprised advcl 6 parthenogenesis parthenogenesis NOUN Number=Sing 5 find obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 shark case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 shark det 9 shark shark NOUN Number=Sing 6 parthenogenesis nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 surprised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Scientists surprised property tree rules 2 find to-infinitive Scientists not said here parthenogenesis a shark vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parthenogenesis=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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