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pathogen

Who acts: that, pathogen, germ, Viruses, Washing, Cooking chicken · What happens: cause, be, make, wash, remove, kill · To what, where: disease, germ, you, pathogens, hands, many pathogens

«pathogen» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pathogen in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A tiny living thing, such as a bacterium, virus or fungus, that can cause disease.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 thing	det
2	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 thing	amod
3	living	living	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 thing	compound
4	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 bacterium	punct
6	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	9 bacterium	case
7	as	as	ADP	_	6 such	fixed
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 bacterium	det
9	bacterium	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 thing	appos
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 virus	punct
11	virus	virus	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bacterium	nmod
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 fungus	cc
13	fungus	fungus	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 virus	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 cause	punct
15	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 cause	nsubj
16	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 cause	aux
17	cause	cause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 bacterium	parataxis
18	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 cause	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 thing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	can	that	disease					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition disease=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

A pathogen is a germ that makes you ill.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 pathogen	det
2	pathogen	pathogen	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 germ	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 germ	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 germ	det
5	germ	germ	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 makes	nsubj
7	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 germ	acl:relcl
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 makes	obj
9	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 makes	xcomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 germ	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a pathogen	a germ					tree rules
2	make	present	a germ	you				ill property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product

Example 2

Viruses and bacteria can be pathogens.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 pathogens	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 bacteria	cc
3	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Viruses	conj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 pathogens	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 pathogens	cop
6	pathogens	pathogen	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 pathogens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	can	Viruses and bacteria	pathogens					tree rules

Example 3

Washing your hands removes many pathogens.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Washing	wash	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 removes	csubj
2	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 hands	nmod:poss
3	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Washing	obj
4	removes	remove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 pathogens	amod
6	pathogens	pathogen	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 removes	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 removes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wash	gerund		your hands					vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient
2	remove	present	Washing	many pathogens					vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pathogen=Theme

Example 4

Cooking chicken properly kills the pathogens in it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cooking	cooking	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 chicken	compound
2	chicken	chicken	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kills	nsubj
3	properly	properly	ADV	_	4 kills	advmod
4	kills	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 pathogens	det
6	pathogens	pathogen	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 kills	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 it	case
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 kills	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 kills	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	kill	present	Cooking chicken	the pathogens		it		properly property	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pathogen=Theme

Example 5

White blood cells fight pathogens in the body.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	White	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cells	amod
2	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cells	compound
3	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fight	nsubj
4	fight	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	pathogens	pathogen	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fight	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 body	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 body	det
8	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fight	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 fight	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fight	present	White blood cells	pathogens		the body			vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pathogen=Co-Agent

Example 6

Not all bacteria are pathogens; some help us digest food.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 pathogens	advmod
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 bacteria	det
3	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 pathogens	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 pathogens	cop
5	pathogens	pathogen	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 help	nsubj
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 pathogens	punct
7	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	8 help	nsubj
8	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 help	obj
10	digest	digest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 help	xcomp
11	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 digest	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is a	present	all bacteria	pathogens					tree rules
2	help	present	pathogens	us					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme
3	digest	infinitive	us not said here	food					tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/pathogen/