patronising Who acts: they, I, patronising smile, His, She, girl · What happens: talk, treat, be, not patronis, tie, patronis · To what, where: them, regular customer, own shoes, her, it, patronising way · Speech: someone speaks here
«patronising» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: patronising in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Talking to someone or treating them as if they were less clever or less important than you, in a kind-seeming but rude way.
The tree, 24 words csubj case obl cc conj obj mark mark nsubj cop advmod advcl cc advmod conj case obl punct case det compound punct cc amod conj punct root Talking VERB to ADP someone PRON or CCONJ treating VERB them PRON as SCONJ if SCONJ they PRON were AUX less ADV clever ADJ or CCONJ less ADV important ADJ than ADP you PRON , PUNCT in ADP a DET kind NOUN - PUNCT seeming NOUN but CCONJ rude ADJ way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Talking talk VERB VerbForm=Ger 23 seeming csubj 2 to to ADP _ 3 someone case 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Talking obl 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 treating cc 5 treating treat VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Talking conj 6 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 treating obj 7 as as SCONJ _ 12 clever mark 8 if if SCONJ _ 12 clever mark 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 clever nsubj 10 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 clever cop 11 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 12 clever advmod 12 clever clever ADJ Degree=Pos 5 treating advcl 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 important cc 14 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 15 important advmod 15 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 12 clever conj 16 than than ADP _ 17 you case 17 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 important obl 18 , , PUNCT _ 23 seeming punct 19 in in ADP _ 23 seeming case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 seeming det 21 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 23 seeming compound 22 - - PUNCT _ 21 kind punct 23 seeming seeming NOUN Number=Sing root root 24 but but CCONJ _ 26 way cc 25 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 26 way amod 26 way way NOUN Number=Sing 23 seeming conj 27 . . PUNCT _ 23 seeming punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 talk gerund to someone vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to someone=Co-Agent 2 treat gerund them = they vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient 3 is past they clever, less property tree rules 4 be they not said here than you; less property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 verb form.
compound punct root verb NOUN form NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 2 form compound 2 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 . . PUNCT _ 2 form punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Being a regular customer of a shop or business (formal).
cop det amod case det nmod cc conj punct amod punct punct root Being AUX a DET regular ADJ customer NOUN of ADP a DET shop NOUN or CCONJ business NOUN ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 customer cop 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 customer det 3 regular regular ADJ Degree=Pos 4 customer amod 4 customer customer NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 shop case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 shop det 7 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 4 customer nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 business cc 9 business business NOUN Number=Sing 7 shop conj 10 ( ( PUNCT _ 11 formal punct 11 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 9 business amod 12 ) ) PUNCT _ 11 formal punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 customer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a gerund a regular customer of a shop or business tree rules
Example 1 "Don't be patronising; I can tie my own shoes!"
punct aux advmod aux punct nsubj aux conj nmod:poss amod obj punct punct root " PUNCT Do AUX n't PART be AUX patronising VERB ; PUNCT I PRON can AUX tie VERB my PRON own ADJ shoes NOUN ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 patronising punct 2 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 patronising aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 patronising advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 patronising aux 5 patronising patronis VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 tie punct 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 tie nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 tie aux 9 tie tie VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 patronising conj 10 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 shoes nmod:poss 11 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 12 shoes amod 12 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 9 tie obj 13 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 patronising punct 14 " " PUNCT _ 5 patronising punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not patronis in a quote infinitive · progressive · do-support tree rules 2 tie in a quote can I my own shoes vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Patient
Example 2 His patronising smile made her angry.
nmod:poss amod nsubj obj xcomp punct root His PRON patronising VERB smile NOUN made VERB her PRON angry ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 smile nmod:poss 2 patronising patronis VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 smile amod 3 smile smile NOUN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj 4 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 made obj 6 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos 4 made xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 patronis gerund tree rules 2 make past His patronising smile her = she angry property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset she=Product 3 smile His = he nom smile «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 The waiter's patronising voice annoyed Grandad.
det nmod:poss case amod amod appos punct root The DET waiter NOUN 's PART patronising VERB voice NOUN annoyed ADJ Grandad PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 waiter det 2 waiter waiter NOUN Number=Sing 5 voice nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 waiter case 4 patronising patronis VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 voice amod 5 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 annoyed annoyed ADJ Degree=Pos 7 Grandad amod 7 Grandad Grandad PROPN Number=Sing 5 voice appos 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 voice punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 patronis gerund tree rules
Example 4 She explained it slowly in a patronising way.
nsubj obj advmod case det amod obl punct root She PRON explained VERB it PRON slowly ADV in ADP a DET patronising VERB way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 explained nsubj 2 explained explain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 explained obj 4 slowly slowly ADV _ 2 explained advmod 5 in in ADP _ 8 way case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 way det 7 patronising patronis VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 way amod 8 way way NOUN Number=Sing 2 explained obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 explained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 explain speech: assert past She it a patronising way slowly property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic 2 patronis gerund tree rules
Example 5 Speaking to the new girl as if she were a baby was patronising.
case det amod obl mark mark nsubj aux det nsubj aux advcl punct root Speaking VERB to ADP the DET new ADJ girl NOUN as SCONJ if SCONJ she PRON were AUX a DET baby NOUN was AUX patronising VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Speaking speak VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 to to ADP _ 5 girl case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 girl det 4 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 5 girl amod 5 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 1 Speaking obl 6 as as SCONJ _ 13 patronising mark 7 if if SCONJ _ 13 patronising mark 8 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 patronising nsubj 9 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 patronising aux 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 baby det 11 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 13 patronising nsubj 12 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 patronising aux 13 patronising patronis VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Speaking advcl 14 . . PUNCT _ 1 Speaking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other gerund to the new girl vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to girl=Co-Agent 2 patronis past · progressive girl tree rules
Example 6 Many families have been patronising the corner shop for years.
amod nsubj aux aux det compound obj case obl punct root Many ADJ families NOUN have AUX been AUX patronising VERB the DET corner NOUN shop NOUN for ADP years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 families amod 2 families family NOUN Number=Plur 5 patronising nsubj 3 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 patronising aux 4 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 patronising aux 5 patronising patronis VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 shop det 7 corner corner NOUN Number=Sing 8 shop compound 8 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 5 patronising obj 9 for for ADP _ 10 years case 10 years year NOUN Number=Plur 5 patronising obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 patronising punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 patronis present · perfect · progressive Many families the corner shop year tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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