pavement Who acts: pavement, you, Chalk drawings, we, Mai · What happens: be, walk, mean, stop, cross, cover · To what, where: path, British English, American English, hard surface, pavement, edge · Speech: someone speaks here
«pavement» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pavement in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 In British English, a pavement is the path at the side of a road for people to walk on (in American English, the sidewalk; in Australia, often the footpath).
The tree, 29 words case amod obl punct det nsubj cop det case det nmod case det nmod case nmod mark acl case punct case amod obl punct det conj punct case obl punct advmod det appos punct punct root In ADP British ADJ English PROPN , PUNCT a DET pavement NOUN is AUX the DET path NOUN at ADP the DET side NOUN of ADP a DET road NOUN for ADP people NOUN to PART walk VERB on ADP ( PUNCT in ADP American ADJ English PROPN , PUNCT the DET sidewalk NOUN ; PUNCT in ADP Australia PROPN , PUNCT often ADV the DET footpath NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 English case 2 British British ADJ Degree=Pos 3 English amod 3 English English PROPN Number=Sing 9 path obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 English punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pavement det 6 pavement pavement NOUN Number=Sing 9 path nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 path cop 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 path det 9 path path NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 at at ADP _ 12 side case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 side det 12 side side NOUN Number=Sing 9 path nmod 13 of of ADP _ 15 road case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 road det 15 road road NOUN Number=Sing 12 side nmod 16 for for ADP _ 17 people case 17 people people NOUN Number=Plur 15 road nmod 18 to to PART _ 19 walk mark 19 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 17 people acl 20 on on ADP _ 24 English case 21 ( ( PUNCT _ 24 English punct 22 in in ADP _ 24 English case 23 American American ADJ Degree=Pos 24 English amod 24 English English PROPN Number=Sing 19 walk obl 25 , , PUNCT _ 27 sidewalk punct 26 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 27 sidewalk det 27 sidewalk sidewalk NOUN Number=Sing 24 English conj 28 ; ; PUNCT _ 30 Australia punct 29 in in ADP _ 30 Australia case 30 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 9 path obl 31 , , PUNCT _ 34 footpath punct 32 often often ADV _ 34 footpath advmod 33 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 34 footpath det 34 footpath footpath NOUN Number=Sing 30 Australia appos 35 ) ) PUNCT _ 34 footpath punct 36 . . PUNCT _ 9 path punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pavement the path British English at the side of a road for people; in Australia tree rules 2 walk to-infinitive a pavement not said here American English and the sidewalk vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on english=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In American English, pavement means the hard surface of a road.
case amod obl punct nsubj det amod obj case det nmod punct root In ADP American ADJ English PROPN , PUNCT pavement NOUN means VERB the DET hard ADJ surface NOUN of ADP a DET road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 English case 2 American American ADJ Degree=Pos 3 English amod 3 English English PROPN Number=Sing 6 means obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 English punct 5 pavement pavement NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 surface det 8 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 9 surface amod 9 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obj 10 of of ADP _ 12 road case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 road det 12 road road NOUN Number=Sing 9 surface nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present pavement the hard surface of a road in American English vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot surface=Theme in english=Attribute
Example 1 Always walk on the pavement, not in the road.
advmod case det obl punct advmod case det obl punct root Always ADV walk VERB on ADP the DET pavement NOUN , PUNCT not PART in ADP the DET road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Always always ADV PronType=Tot 2 walk advmod 2 walk walk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 pavement case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pavement det 5 pavement pavement NOUN Number=Sing 2 walk obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 road punct 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 road advmod 8 in in ADP _ 10 road case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 road det 10 road road NOUN Number=Sing 2 walk obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 walk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk imperative you not said here the pavement in the road; always property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on pavement=Trajectory
Example 2 Stop at the edge of the pavement before you cross.
case det obl case det nmod mark nsubj advcl punct root Stop VERB at ADP the DET edge NOUN of ADP the DET pavement NOUN before SCONJ you PRON cross VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 at at ADP _ 4 edge case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 edge det 4 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing 1 Stop obl 5 of of ADP _ 7 pavement case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 pavement det 7 pavement pavement NOUN Number=Sing 4 edge nmod 8 before before SCONJ _ 10 cross mark 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 cross nsubj 10 cross cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Stop advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here the edge of the pavement vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at edge=Location 2 cross present you vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 Chalk drawings covered the pavement.
compound nsubj det obj punct root Chalk NOUN drawings NOUN covered VERB the DET pavement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chalk chalk NOUN Number=Sing 2 drawings compound 2 drawings drawing NOUN Number=Plur 3 covered nsubj 3 covered cover VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pavement det 5 pavement pavement NOUN Number=Sing 3 covered obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover past Chalk drawings the pavement vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pavement=Destination
Example 4 The pavement was icy, so we walked slowly.
det nsubj cop punct advmod nsubj conj advmod punct root The DET pavement NOUN was AUX icy ADJ , PUNCT so ADV we PRON walked VERB slowly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pavement det 2 pavement pavement NOUN Number=Sing 4 icy nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 icy cop 4 icy icy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 walked punct 6 so so ADV _ 8 walked advmod 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 walked nsubj 8 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 icy conj 9 slowly slowly ADV _ 8 walked advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 icy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the pavement icy property tree rules 2 walk past we slowly property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Don't ride your bike on a crowded pavement.
aux advmod nmod:poss obj case det amod obl punct root Do AUX n't PART ride VERB your PRON bike NOUN on ADP a DET crowded ADJ pavement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 ride aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 ride advmod 3 ride ride VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 bike nmod:poss 5 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 3 ride obj 6 on on ADP _ 9 pavement case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 pavement det 8 crowded crowded ADJ Degree=Pos 9 pavement amod 9 pavement pavement NOUN Number=Sing 3 ride obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 ride punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not ride imperative · do-support you not said here your bike a crowded pavement vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Theme
Example 6 In America, the pavement is called the sidewalk.
case obl punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass det xcomp punct root In ADP America PROPN , PUNCT the DET pavement NOUN is AUX called VERB the DET sidewalk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 America case 2 America America PROPN Number=Sing 7 called obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 America punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pavement det 5 pavement pavement NOUN Number=Sing 7 called nsubj:pass 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 called aux:pass 7 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 sidewalk det 9 sidewalk sidewalk NOUN Number=Sing 7 called xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive the pavement America vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 7 Tree roots had cracked the pavement.
compound nsubj:pass aux det obj punct root Tree NOUN roots NOUN had AUX cracked VERB the DET pavement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 2 roots compound 2 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 4 cracked nsubj:pass 3 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 cracked aux 4 cracked crack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 pavement det 6 pavement pavement NOUN Number=Sing 4 cracked obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 cracked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crack past · perfect · passive Tree roots vn break-45.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Patient pavement=Result
Example 8 "Mai--!" they said, as they were bumped upon the pavement.
The tree, 10 words punct nsubj punct punct punct nsubj punct mark nsubj:pass aux:pass ccomp case det obl punct root " PUNCT Mai X -- PUNCT ! PUNCT " PUNCT they PRON said VERB , PUNCT as SCONJ they PRON were AUX bumped VERB upon ADP the DET pavement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Mai punct 2 Mai Mai X Foreign=Yes 7 said nsubj 3 -- -- PUNCT _ 2 Mai punct 4 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Mai punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 2 Mai punct 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 said nsubj 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 bumped punct 9 as as SCONJ _ 12 bumped mark 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 bumped nsubj:pass 11 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 bumped aux:pass 12 bumped bump VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 said ccomp 13 upon upon ADP _ 15 pavement case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 pavement det 15 pavement pavement NOUN Number=Sing 12 bumped obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past Mai vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 bump past · passive they upon the pavement vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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