paving Who acts: Paving, act, you, Workers, Weeds, brave work · What happens: be, use, cover, make, pave, mean · To what, where: flat stones, slabs, ground, path, act, way · Speech: someone speaks here
«paving» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: paving in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Paving is flat stones, bricks or slabs used to cover the ground to make a path, patio or pavement.
The tree, 19 words nsubj cop amod punct conj cc conj acl mark advcl det obj mark advcl det obj punct conj cc conj punct root Paving NOUN is AUX flat ADJ stones NOUN , PUNCT bricks NOUN or CCONJ slabs NOUN used VERB to PART cover VERB the DET ground NOUN to PART make VERB a DET path NOUN , PUNCT patio NOUN or CCONJ pavement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Paving paving NOUN Number=Sing 4 stones nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 stones cop 3 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 4 stones amod 4 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 bricks punct 6 bricks brick NOUN Number=Plur 4 stones conj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 slabs cc 8 slabs slab NOUN Number=Plur 4 stones conj 9 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 slabs acl 10 to to PART _ 11 cover mark 11 cover cover VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 used advcl 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 ground det 13 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 11 cover obj 14 to to PART _ 15 make mark 15 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 cover advcl 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 path det 17 path path NOUN Number=Sing 15 make obj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 patio punct 19 patio patio NOUN Number=Sing 17 path conj 20 or or CCONJ _ 21 pavement cc 21 pavement pavement NOUN Number=Sing 17 path conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 4 stones punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Paving flat stones and bricks or slabs tree rules 2 use participle slabs not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 cover to-infinitive the ground vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ground=Destination 4 make to-infinitive a path and patio or pavement vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset path=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Paving is the act of covering ground with these.
nsubj cop det mark acl obj case obl punct root Paving NOUN is AUX the DET act NOUN of SCONJ covering VERB ground NOUN with ADP these PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Paving paving NOUN Number=Sing 4 act nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 act cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 act det 4 act act NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of SCONJ _ 6 covering mark 6 covering cover VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 act acl 7 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 6 covering obj 8 with with ADP _ 9 these case 9 these this PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 6 covering obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 act punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Paving the act tree rules 2 cover gerund the act not said here ground with these vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent ground=Destination with this=Theme
Meaning 3 "Paving the way" means making it easier for something to happen later.
The tree, 12 words punct csubj det obj punct xcomp obj xcomp case obl mark acl advmod punct root " PUNCT Paving VERB the DET way NOUN " PUNCT means VERB making VERB it PRON easier ADJ for ADP something PRON to PART happen VERB later ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Paving punct 2 Paving pave VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 means csubj 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 way det 4 way way NOUN Number=Sing 2 Paving obj 5 " " PUNCT _ 2 Paving punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 making make VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 means xcomp 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 making obj 9 easier easy ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 making xcomp 10 for for ADP _ 11 something case 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 easier obl 12 to to PART _ 13 happen mark 13 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 something acl 14 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 13 happen advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pave in a quote gerund the way vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Destination 2 mean present Paving vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 make not said to happen gerund Paving not said here way easy property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product 4 happen to-infinitive Paving not said here late property vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 Watch out for the loose paving stones.
compound:prt case det amod compound obl punct root Watch VERB out ADP for ADP the DET loose ADJ paving NOUN stones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Watch watch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 out out ADP _ 1 Watch compound:prt 3 for for ADP _ 7 stones case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 stones det 5 loose loose ADJ Degree=Pos 7 stones amod 6 paving paving NOUN Number=Sing 7 stones compound 7 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 1 Watch obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Watch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch out imperative you not said here for the loose paving stones vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for stone=Theme
Example 2 Workers are paving the new path.
nsubj aux det amod obj punct root Workers NOUN are AUX paving VERB the DET new ADJ path NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Workers worker NOUN Number=Plur 3 paving nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 paving aux 3 paving pave VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 path det 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 path amod 6 path path NOUN Number=Sing 3 paving obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 paving punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pave present · progressive Workers the new path vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme path=Destination
Example 3 Crazy paving is made of odd-shaped stones.
amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case compound punct amod obl punct root Crazy ADJ paving NOUN is AUX made VERB of ADP odd ADJ - PUNCT shaped VERB stones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Crazy crazy ADJ Degree=Pos 2 paving amod 2 paving paving NOUN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 made aux:pass 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 of of ADP _ 9 stones case 6 odd odd ADJ Degree=Pos 8 shaped compound 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 odd punct 8 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 stones amod 9 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 4 made obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive Crazy paving of shaped stones vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product 2 shape participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Example 4 Weeds grow between the paving slabs.
nsubj case det compound obl punct root Weeds NOUN grow VERB between ADP the DET paving NOUN slabs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Weeds weed NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow nsubj 2 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 between between ADP _ 6 slabs case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 slabs det 5 paving paving NOUN Number=Sing 6 slabs compound 6 slabs slab NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Weeds the paving slabs vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between slab=Location
Example 5 Her brave work paved the way for others.
nmod:poss amod nsubj det obj case obl punct root Her PRON brave ADJ work NOUN paved VERB the DET way NOUN for ADP others NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 work nmod:poss 2 brave brave ADJ Degree=Pos 3 work amod 3 work work NOUN Number=Sing 4 paved nsubj 4 paved pave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 way det 6 way way NOUN Number=Sing 4 paved obj 7 for for ADP _ 8 others case 8 others other NOUN Number=Plur 4 paved obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 paved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pave past Her brave work the way for others vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Destination 2 work Her = she nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Don't step on the cracks in the paving!
aux advmod case det obl case det nmod punct root Do AUX n't PART step VERB on ADP the DET cracks NOUN in ADP the DET paving NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 step aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 step advmod 3 step step VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 cracks case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 cracks det 6 cracks crack NOUN Number=Plur 3 step obl 7 in in ADP _ 9 paving case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 paving det 9 paving paving NOUN Number=Sing 6 cracks nmod 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 step punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not step imperative · do-support you not said here the cracks in the paving vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on crack=Trajectory
Example 7 He was counting the paving stones, as he had done a thousand times before.
The tree, 14 words nsubj aux det compound obj punct mark nsubj aux advcl det nummod obl:unmarked advmod punct root He PRON was AUX counting VERB the DET paving NOUN stones NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ he PRON had AUX done VERB a DET thousand NUM times NOUN before ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 counting nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 counting aux 3 counting count VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 stones det 5 paving paving NOUN Number=Sing 6 stones compound 6 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 3 counting obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 done punct 8 as as SCONJ _ 11 done mark 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 done nsubj 10 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 done aux 11 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 3 counting advcl 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 thousand det 13 thousand thousand NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 14 times nummod 14 times time NOUN Number=Plur 11 done obl:unmarked 15 before before ADV _ 11 done advmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 counting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 count past · progressive He the paving stones vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme 2 do past · perfect he time before property vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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