peat Who acts: plants, Peat, families, Peat bogs, you, Ancient bodies · What happens: make, have, rot, dry, burn, form · To what, where: Soft dark brown soil, half, wet boggy places, wet bogs, peat, Ireland
«peat» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: peat in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Soft, dark brown soil made of plants that have half-rotted very slowly in wet, boggy places over thousands of years; it can be dried and burned as fuel.
The tree, 29 words amod punct amod amod acl case obl nsubj acl:relcl obj punct acl advmod advmod case amod punct amod obl case nmod case nmod punct nsubj:pass aux aux:pass conj cc conj case obl punct root Soft ADJ , PUNCT dark ADJ brown ADJ soil NOUN made VERB of ADP plants NOUN that PRON have VERB half NOUN - PUNCT rotted VERB very ADV slowly ADV in ADP wet ADJ , PUNCT boggy ADJ places NOUN over ADP thousands NOUN of ADP years NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON can AUX be AUX dried VERB and CCONJ burned VERB as ADP fuel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 5 soil amod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Soft punct 3 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 5 soil amod 4 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 5 soil amod 5 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 soil acl 7 of of ADP _ 8 plants case 8 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 6 made obl 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 have nsubj 10 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 plants acl:relcl 11 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 10 have obj 12 - - PUNCT _ 11 half punct 13 rotted rot VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 half acl 14 very very ADV _ 15 slowly advmod 15 slowly slowly ADV _ 13 rotted advmod 16 in in ADP _ 20 places case 17 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos 20 places amod 18 , , PUNCT _ 17 wet punct 19 boggy boggy ADJ Degree=Pos 20 places amod 20 places place NOUN Number=Plur 13 rotted obl 21 over over ADP _ 22 thousands case 22 thousands thousand NOUN Number=Plur 20 places nmod 23 of of ADP _ 24 years case 24 years year NOUN Number=Plur 22 thousands nmod 25 ; ; PUNCT _ 29 dried punct 26 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 29 dried nsubj:pass 27 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 29 dried aux 28 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 29 dried aux:pass 29 dried dry VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 soil conj 30 and and CCONJ _ 31 burned cc 31 burned burn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 29 dried conj 32 as as ADP _ 33 fuel case 33 fuel fuel NOUN Number=Sing 31 burned obl 34 . . PUNCT _ 5 soil punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make participle Soft dark brown soil not said here of plants vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 have present plants half vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Patient 3 rot participle half not said here wet boggy places over thousands of years slowly property vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 dry can · passive half vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result 5 burn participle as fuel vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Peat forms very slowly in wet bogs.
nsubj advmod advmod case amod obl punct root Peat NOUN forms VERB very ADV slowly ADV in ADP wet ADJ bogs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Peat peat NOUN Number=Sing 2 forms nsubj 2 forms form VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 very very ADV _ 4 slowly advmod 4 slowly slowly ADV _ 2 forms advmod 5 in in ADP _ 7 bogs case 6 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bogs amod 7 bogs bog NOUN Number=Plur 2 forms obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 forms punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 form present Peat wet bogs slowly property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in bog=Location
Example 2 In Ireland, families once burned peat on their fires.
case obl punct nsubj advmod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root In ADP Ireland PROPN , PUNCT families NOUN once ADV burned VERB peat NOUN on ADP their PRON fires NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Ireland case 2 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 6 burned obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Ireland punct 4 families family NOUN Number=Plur 6 burned nsubj 5 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 6 burned advmod 6 burned burn VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 peat peat NOUN Number=Sing 6 burned obj 8 on on ADP _ 10 fires case 9 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 fires nmod:poss 10 fires fire NOUN Number=Plur 6 burned obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 burned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burn past families peat Ireland on families's fires; once property vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent peat=Theme 2 fire families = family nom fire «event transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 Peat bogs store a lot of carbon.
compound nsubj det obj case nmod punct root Peat NOUN bogs NOUN store VERB a DET lot NOUN of ADP carbon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Peat peat NOUN Number=Sing 2 bogs compound 2 bogs bog NOUN Number=Plur 3 store nsubj 3 store store VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lot det 5 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 3 store obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 carbon case 7 carbon carbon NOUN Number=Sing 5 lot nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 store punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 store present Peat bogs a lot of carbon vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme
Example 4 Buy peat-free compost to protect the bogs.
compound punct amod obj mark advcl det obj punct root Buy VERB peat NOUN - PUNCT free ADJ compost NOUN to PART protect VERB the DET bogs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Buy buy VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 peat peat NOUN Number=Sing 5 compost compound 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 peat punct 4 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 5 compost amod 5 compost compost NOUN Number=Sing 1 Buy obj 6 to to PART _ 7 protect mark 7 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Buy advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bogs det 9 bogs bog NOUN Number=Plur 7 protect obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Buy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy imperative you not said here peat free compost vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent compost=Theme 2 protect to-infinitive you not said here the bogs vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bog=Beneficiary
Example 5 Ancient bodies have been found preserved in peat.
amod nsubj:pass aux aux:pass xcomp case obl punct root Ancient ADJ bodies NOUN have AUX been AUX found VERB preserved VERB in ADP peat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 2 bodies amod 2 bodies body NOUN Number=Plur 5 found nsubj:pass 3 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 found aux 4 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 found aux:pass 5 found find VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 preserved preserve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 found xcomp 7 in in ADP _ 8 peat case 8 peat peat NOUN Number=Sing 6 preserved obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find present · perfect · passive Ancient bodies vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme 2 preserve participle Ancient bodies not said here peat vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
Example 6 The peat smoke smelled earthy.
det compound nsubj xcomp punct root The DET peat NOUN smoke NOUN smelled VERB earthy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 smoke det 2 peat peat NOUN Number=Sing 3 smoke compound 3 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 4 smelled nsubj 4 smelled smell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 earthy earthy ADJ Degree=Pos 4 smelled xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 smelled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smell past the peat smoke earthy property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 7 By and bye the season came when they must cut the peats and pile them up to dry, so that they might have fires in the winter.
The tree, 27 words case cc conj det obl advmod nsubj aux advcl det obj cc conj obj compound:prt mark advcl punct mark fixed nsubj aux conj obj case det nmod punct root By ADP and CCONJ bye ADP the DET season NOUN came VERB when ADV they PRON must AUX cut VERB the DET peats NOUN and CCONJ pile VERB them PRON up ADP to PART dry VERB , PUNCT so SCONJ that SCONJ they PRON might AUX have VERB fires NOUN in ADP the DET winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 By by ADP _ 5 season case 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 bye cc 3 bye bye ADP _ 1 By conj 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 season det 5 season season NOUN Number=Sing 6 came obl 6 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 cut advmod 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 cut nsubj 9 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 cut aux 10 cut cut VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 came advcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 peats det 12 peats peat NOUN Number=Plur 10 cut obj 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 pile cc 14 pile pile VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 came conj 15 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 pile obj 16 up up ADP _ 14 pile compound:prt 17 to to PART _ 18 dry mark 18 dry dry VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 pile advcl 19 , , PUNCT _ 24 have punct 20 so so SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 24 have mark 21 that that SCONJ _ 20 so fixed 22 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 24 have nsubj 23 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 24 have aux 24 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 dry conj 25 fires fire NOUN Number=Plur 24 have obj 26 in in ADP _ 28 winter case 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 winter det 28 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 25 fires nmod 29 . . PUNCT _ 6 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past season vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 cut must they the peats vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset peat=Product 3 pile up present peats = peat vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme they=Destination 4 dry to-infinitive vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 5 have might peats = peat fires in the winter vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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