persian Who acts: Persian, Farsi, Persian Persian cat, Persian carpet, Cyrus, Greeks · What happens: describe, call, be, speak, weave, rule · To what, where: Persia, main language, Afghanistan, person, cat breed, woven carpet · Speech: someone speaks here
«persian» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: persian in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Persian describes Persia, the old name for Iran, and its people, history and culture.
The tree, 14 words nsubj obj punct det amod appos case nmod punct cc nmod:poss obl punct conj cc conj punct root Persian PROPN describes VERB Persia PROPN , PUNCT the DET old ADJ name NOUN for ADP Iran PROPN , PUNCT and CCONJ its PRON people NOUN , PUNCT history NOUN and CCONJ culture NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Persian Persian PROPN Number=Sing 2 describes nsubj 2 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Persia Persia PROPN Number=Sing 2 describes obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 name punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 name det 6 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 name amod 7 name name NOUN Number=Sing 3 Persia appos 8 for for ADP _ 9 Iran case 9 Iran Iran PROPN Number=Sing 7 name nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 people punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 people cc 12 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 people nmod:poss 13 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 describes obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 history punct 15 history history NOUN Number=Sing 13 people conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 culture cc 17 culture culture NOUN Number=Sing 13 people conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe present Persian Persia name's people and history and culture obl vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent persia=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Persian, also called Farsi, is the main language of Iran, also spoken in Afghanistan (Dari) and Tajikistan (Tajik).
The tree, 18 words punct advmod conj nsubj punct cop det amod xcomp case nmod punct advmod parataxis case obl punct appos punct cc conj punct appos punct punct root Persian ADJ , PUNCT also ADV called VERB Farsi PROPN , PUNCT is AUX the DET main ADJ language NOUN of ADP Iran PROPN , PUNCT also ADV spoken VERB in ADP Afghanistan PROPN ( PUNCT Dari PROPN ) PUNCT and CCONJ Tajikistan PROPN ( PUNCT Tajik PROPN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Persian persian ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 4 called punct 3 also also ADV _ 4 called advmod 4 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Persian conj 5 Farsi Farsi PROPN Number=Sing 10 language nsubj 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 Farsi punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 language cop 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 language det 9 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 10 language amod 10 language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 called xcomp 11 of of ADP _ 12 Iran case 12 Iran Iran PROPN Number=Sing 10 language nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 spoken punct 14 also also ADV _ 15 spoken advmod 15 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 language parataxis 16 in in ADP _ 17 Afghanistan case 17 Afghanistan Afghanistan PROPN Number=Sing 15 spoken obl 18 ( ( PUNCT _ 19 Dari punct 19 Dari Dari PROPN Number=Sing 17 Afghanistan appos 20 ) ) PUNCT _ 19 Dari punct 21 and and CCONJ _ 22 Tajikistan cc 22 Tajikistan Tajikistan PROPN Number=Sing 17 Afghanistan conj 23 ( ( PUNCT _ 24 Tajik punct 24 Tajik Tajik PROPN Number=Sing 22 Tajikistan appos 25 ) ) PUNCT _ 24 Tajik punct 26 . . PUNCT _ 1 Persian punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call participle vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present Farsi the main language of Iran tree rules 3 speak speech: other participle Afghanistan and Tajikistan vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 A Persian is a person from Persia or Iran.
det nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj punct root A DET Persian PROPN is AUX a DET person NOUN from ADP Persia PROPN or CCONJ Iran PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 Persian det 2 Persian Persian PROPN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 from from ADP _ 7 Persia case 7 Persia Persia PROPN Number=Sing 5 person nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 Iran cc 9 Iran Iran PROPN Number=Sing 7 Persia conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a Persian a person Persia or Iran tree rules
Meaning 4 A Persian, or Persian cat, is a cat breed with long fluffy fur and a flat face.
The tree, 17 words det amod punct cc amod nsubj punct cop det compound case amod amod nmod cc det amod conj punct root A DET Persian ADJ , PUNCT or CCONJ Persian ADJ cat NOUN , PUNCT is AUX a DET cat NOUN breed NOUN with ADP long ADJ fluffy ADJ fur NOUN and CCONJ a DET flat ADJ face NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 cat det 2 Persian persian ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cat amod 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 cat punct 4 or or CCONJ _ 6 cat cc 5 Persian persian ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cat amod 6 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 11 breed nsubj 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 cat punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 breed cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 breed det 10 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 11 breed compound 11 breed breed NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 with with ADP _ 15 fur case 13 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 15 fur amod 14 fluffy fluffy ADJ Degree=Pos 15 fur amod 15 fur fur NOUN Number=Sing 11 breed nmod 16 and and CCONJ _ 19 face cc 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 face det 18 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 19 face amod 19 face face NOUN Number=Sing 15 fur conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 11 breed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a Persian Persian cat a cat breed with long fluffy fur and a flat face tree rules
Meaning 5 A Persian carpet or rug is a hand-woven carpet with rich patterns.
The tree, 13 words det amod nsubj cc conj cop det compound punct amod case amod nmod punct root A DET Persian ADJ carpet NOUN or CCONJ rug NOUN is AUX a DET hand NOUN - PUNCT woven VERB carpet NOUN with ADP rich ADJ patterns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 carpet det 2 Persian persian ADJ Degree=Pos 3 carpet amod 3 carpet carpet NOUN Number=Sing 11 carpet nsubj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 rug cc 5 rug rug NOUN Number=Sing 3 carpet conj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 carpet cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 carpet det 8 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 10 woven compound 9 - - PUNCT _ 8 hand punct 10 woven weave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 carpet amod 11 carpet carpet NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 with with ADP _ 14 patterns case 13 rich rich ADJ Degree=Pos 14 patterns amod 14 patterns pattern NOUN Number=Plur 11 carpet nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 11 carpet punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 weave participle vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present a Persian carpet or rug a woven carpet with rich patterns tree rules
Example 1 Cyrus the Great ruled the Persian Empire.
nsubj det flat det compound obj punct root Cyrus PROPN the DET Great PROPN ruled VERB the DET Persian PROPN Empire PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cyrus Cyrus PROPN Number=Sing 4 ruled nsubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Great det 3 Great Great PROPN Number=Sing 1 Cyrus flat 4 ruled rule VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 Empire det 6 Persian Persian PROPN Number=Sing 7 Empire compound 7 Empire Empire PROPN Number=Sing 4 ruled obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 ruled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rule past Cyrus the Persian Empire vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent empire=Result
Example 2 The Greeks fought the Persians at the Battle of Marathon.
det nsubj det obj case det obl case nmod punct root The DET Greeks PROPN fought VERB the DET Persians PROPN at ADP the DET Battle PROPN of ADP Marathon PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Greeks det 2 Greeks Greek PROPN Number=Plur 3 fought nsubj 3 fought fight VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Persians det 5 Persians Persian PROPN Number=Plur 3 fought obj 6 at at ADP _ 8 Battle case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Battle det 8 Battle Battle PROPN Number=Sing 3 fought obl 9 of of ADP _ 10 Marathon case 10 Marathon Marathon PROPN Number=Sing 8 Battle nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 fought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fight past the Greeks the Persians the Battle of Marathon vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent persian=Co-Agent
Example 3 My neighbour speaks Persian at home.
nmod:poss nsubj obj case obl punct root My PRON neighbour NOUN speaks VERB Persian PROPN at ADP home NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 neighbour nmod:poss 2 neighbour neighbour NOUN Number=Sing 3 speaks nsubj 3 speaks speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 Persian Persian PROPN Number=Sing 3 speaks obj 5 at at ADP _ 6 home case 6 home home NOUN Number=Sing 3 speaks obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 speaks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present My neighbour Persian home tree rules
Example 4 Our Persian cat has long white fur that needs brushing every day.
nmod:poss amod nsubj amod amod obj nsubj acl:relcl xcomp det obl:unmarked punct root Our PRON Persian ADJ cat NOUN has VERB long ADJ white ADJ fur NOUN that PRON needs VERB brushing VERB every DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 cat nmod:poss 2 Persian persian ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cat amod 3 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fur amod 6 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fur amod 7 fur fur NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 needs nsubj 9 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 fur acl:relcl 10 brushing brush VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 needs xcomp 11 every every DET PronType=Tot 12 day det 12 day day NOUN Number=Sing 10 brushing obl:unmarked 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Our Persian cat long white fur vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Patient 2 need present long white fur vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 3 brush not said to happen gerund long white fur not said here day vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 The living room has a beautiful Persian rug.
det compound nsubj det amod amod obj punct root The DET living NOUN room NOUN has VERB a DET beautiful ADJ Persian ADJ rug NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 room det 2 living living NOUN Number=Sing 3 room compound 3 room room NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 rug det 6 beautiful beautiful ADJ Degree=Pos 8 rug amod 7 Persian persian ADJ Degree=Pos 8 rug amod 8 rug rug NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the living room a beautiful Persian rug vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rug=Patient
Example 6 Persian New Year, Nowruz, starts on the first day of spring.
nsubj compound appos punct conj punct case det amod obl case nmod punct root Persian PROPN New PROPN Year PROPN , PUNCT Nowruz PROPN , PUNCT starts VERB on ADP the DET first ADJ day NOUN of ADP spring NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Persian Persian PROPN Number=Sing 7 starts nsubj 2 New New PROPN Number=Sing 3 Year compound 3 Year Year PROPN Number=Sing 1 Persian appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 Nowruz punct 5 Nowruz Nowruz PROPN Number=Sing 1 Persian conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 1 Persian punct 7 starts start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 on on ADP _ 11 day case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 day det 10 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 11 day amod 11 day day NOUN Number=Sing 7 starts obl 12 of of ADP _ 13 spring case 13 spring spring NOUN Number=Sing 11 day nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 starts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start present Persian and Nowruz day vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 7 The word «paradise» comes from an old Persian word for a garden.
The tree, 12 words det nsubj punct appos punct case det amod amod obl case det nmod punct root The DET word NOUN « PUNCT paradise NOUN » PUNCT comes VERB from ADP an DET old ADJ Persian ADJ word NOUN for ADP a DET garden NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 word det 2 word word NOUN Number=Sing 6 comes nsubj 3 « « PUNCT _ 4 paradise punct 4 paradise paradise NOUN Number=Sing 2 word appos 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 paradise punct 6 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 from from ADP _ 11 word case 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 word det 9 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 11 word amod 10 Persian persian ADJ Degree=Pos 11 word amod 11 word word NOUN Number=Sing 6 comes obl 12 for for ADP _ 14 garden case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 garden det 14 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 11 word nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present the word a old Persian word for a garden vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from word=Initial_Location
Example 8 Overwhelmed with grief, he sought consolation from the beautiful Persian.
advcl case obl punct nsubj obj case det amod obl punct root Overwhelmed VERB with ADP grief NOUN , PUNCT he PRON sought VERB consolation NOUN from ADP the DET beautiful ADJ Persian PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Overwhelmed overwhelm VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 sought advcl 2 with with ADP _ 3 grief case 3 grief grief NOUN Number=Sing 1 Overwhelmed obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 1 Overwhelmed punct 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 sought nsubj 6 sought seek VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 consolation consolation NOUN Number=Sing 6 sought obj 8 from from ADP _ 11 Persian case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 Persian det 10 beautiful beautiful ADJ Degree=Pos 11 Persian amod 11 Persian Persian PROPN Number=Sing 6 sought obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 sought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 overwhelm participle he not said here with grief vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 seek past he consolation the beautiful Persian vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consolation=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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