philologist

Who acts: philologist, person, languages, words, philologists, word · What happens: be, study, develop, change, learn, come · To what, where: person, old words, philologist, old languages · Speech: someone speaks here

«philologist» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: philologist in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A philologist is a person who studies how languages developed and how words changed over time.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 philologist	det
2	philologist	philologist	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 person	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 person	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 person	det
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 studies	nsubj
7	studies	study	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 person	acl:relcl
8	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	10 developed	advmod
9	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 developed	nsubj
10	developed	develop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 studies	ccomp
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 changed	cc
12	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	14 changed	advmod
13	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 changed	nsubj
14	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 developed	conj
15	over	over	ADP	_	16 time	case
16	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 changed	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 person	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	is a	present	a philologist	a person		tree rules
2	study	present	a person			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	develop	past	languages			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	change	past	words		time	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

Some philologists study old words to learn where they came from.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 philologists	det
2	philologists	philologist	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 study	nsubj
3	study	study	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 words	amod
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 study	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 learn	mark
7	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 study	advcl
8	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	10 came	advmod
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 came	nsubj
10	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 learn	advcl
11	from	from	ADP	_	10 came	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 study	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	study	present	some philologists	old words	vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic
2	learn	to-infinitive	some philologists not said here		vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	come	past	philologists = philologist		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 2

A philologist can tell how a word changed across many years.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 philologist	det
2	philologist	philologist	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tell	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	aux
4	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	8 changed	advmod
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 word	det
7	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 changed	nsubj
8	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 tell	ccomp
9	across	across	ADP	_	11 years	case
10	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 years	amod
11	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 changed	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	can	a philologist						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	change	participle	a word				year		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 3

My aunt is a philologist who loves old languages.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 aunt	nmod:poss
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 philologist	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 philologist	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 philologist	det
5	philologist	philologist	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 loves	nsubj
7	loves	love	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 philologist	acl:relcl
8	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 languages	amod
9	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 loves	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 philologist	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	My aunt	a philologist					tree rules
2	love	present	a philologist	old languages					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer language=Stimulus

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/philologist/