photosphere Who acts: photosphere, we, most, It, Sunspots, you · What happens: be, see, shine out, light, not look, take · To what, where: bright outer surface, layer, part, darker patches, photosphere, 5,500 degrees
«photosphere» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: photosphere in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The photosphere is the bright outer surface of the Sun (or another star) that we see, from which most of its light shines out.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det amod amod case det nmod punct cc det appos punct mark nsubj advcl punct case obl nsubj case nmod:poss nmod parataxis compound:prt punct root The DET photosphere NOUN is AUX the DET bright ADJ outer ADJ surface NOUN of ADP the DET Sun PROPN ( PUNCT or CCONJ another DET star NOUN ) PUNCT that SCONJ we PRON see VERB , PUNCT from ADP which PRON most ADJ of ADP its PRON light NOUN shines VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 photosphere det 2 photosphere photosphere NOUN Number=Sing 7 surface nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 surface cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 surface det 5 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 7 surface amod 6 outer outer ADJ Degree=Pos 7 surface amod 7 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 Sun case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 Sun det 10 Sun Sun PROPN Number=Sing 7 surface nmod 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 14 star punct 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 star cc 13 another another DET PronType=Ind 14 star det 14 star star NOUN Number=Sing 10 Sun appos 15 ) ) PUNCT _ 14 star punct 16 that that SCONJ _ 18 see mark 17 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 18 see nsubj 18 see see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 26 shines advcl 19 , , PUNCT _ 18 see punct 20 from from ADP _ 21 which case 21 which which PRON PronType=Rel 26 shines obl 22 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 26 shines nsubj 23 of of ADP _ 25 light case 24 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 25 light nmod:poss 25 light light NOUN Number=Sing 22 most nmod 26 shines shine VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 surface parataxis 27 out out ADP _ 26 shines compound:prt 28 . . PUNCT _ 7 surface punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the photosphere the bright outer surface of the Sun tree rules 2 see present we vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 shine out present most of photosphere's light the bright outer surface vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 light photosphere nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It is a layer of very hot gas, about 5,500 degrees Celsius, not a solid surface.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop det case advmod amod nmod punct advmod nummod appos nmod:unmarked punct advmod det amod conj punct root It PRON is AUX a DET layer NOUN of ADP very ADV hot ADJ gas NOUN , PUNCT about ADV 5,500 NUM degrees NOUN Celsius PROPN , PUNCT not PART a DET solid ADJ surface NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 layer nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 layer cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 layer det 4 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 gas case 6 very very ADV _ 7 hot advmod 7 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 8 gas amod 8 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 4 layer nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 degrees punct 10 about about ADV _ 11 5,500 advmod 11 5,500 5,500 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 12 degrees nummod 12 degrees degree NOUN Number=Plur 4 layer appos 13 Celsius Celsius PROPN Number=Sing 12 degrees nmod:unmarked 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 surface punct 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 18 surface advmod 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 surface det 17 solid solid ADJ Degree=Pos 18 surface amod 18 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 4 layer conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 layer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It a layer and a solid surface of hot gas tree rules
Example 1 The photosphere is the part of the Sun we can see.
det nsubj cop det case det nmod nsubj aux acl:relcl punct root The DET photosphere NOUN is AUX the DET part NOUN of ADP the DET Sun PROPN we PRON can AUX see VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 photosphere det 2 photosphere photosphere NOUN Number=Sing 5 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 part cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 part det 5 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 Sun case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Sun det 8 Sun Sun PROPN Number=Sing 5 part nmod 9 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 see nsubj 10 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 see aux 11 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 part acl:relcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the photosphere the part of the Sun tree rules 2 see can we the part not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer part=Stimulus
Example 2 Sunspots are darker patches on the photosphere.
nsubj cop amod case det nmod punct root Sunspots NOUN are AUX darker ADJ patches NOUN on ADP the DET photosphere NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sunspots sunspot NOUN Number=Plur 4 patches nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 patches cop 3 darker dark ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 patches amod 4 patches patch NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 on on ADP _ 7 photosphere case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 photosphere det 7 photosphere photosphere NOUN Number=Sing 4 patches nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 patches punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sunspots darker patches the photosphere tree rules
Example 3 The photosphere is about 5,500 degrees Celsius.
det nsubj cop advmod nummod nmod:unmarked punct root The DET photosphere NOUN is AUX about ADV 5,500 NUM degrees NOUN Celsius PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 photosphere det 2 photosphere photosphere NOUN Number=Sing 6 degrees nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 degrees cop 4 about about ADV _ 5 5,500 advmod 5 5,500 5,500 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 degrees nummod 6 degrees degree NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 Celsius Celsius PROPN Number=Sing 6 degrees nmod:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 degrees punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the photosphere 5,500 degrees Celsius nmod:unmarked tree rules
Example 4 Never look at the photosphere without special glasses.
advmod case det obl case amod obl punct root Never ADV look VERB at ADP the DET photosphere NOUN without ADP special ADJ glasses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 look advmod 2 look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 5 photosphere case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 photosphere det 5 photosphere photosphere NOUN Number=Sing 2 look obl 6 without without ADP _ 8 glasses case 7 special special ADJ Degree=Pos 8 glasses amod 8 glasses glass NOUN Number=Plur 2 look obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not look imperative you not said here without special glasses; at the photosphere vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at photosphere=Theme
Example 5 Light from the photosphere takes about eight minutes to reach Earth.
nsubj case det nmod advmod nummod obj mark advcl obj punct root Light NOUN from ADP the DET photosphere NOUN takes VERB about ADV eight NUM minutes NOUN to PART reach VERB Earth PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Light light NOUN Number=Sing 5 takes nsubj 2 from from ADP _ 4 photosphere case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 photosphere det 4 photosphere photosphere NOUN Number=Sing 1 Light nmod 5 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 about about ADV _ 7 eight advmod 7 eight eight NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 minutes nummod 8 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 5 takes obj 9 to to PART _ 10 reach mark 10 reach reach VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 takes advcl 11 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 10 reach obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 takes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take present Light from the photosphere minute vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 reach to-infinitive Light from the photosphere not said here Earth vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent earth=Theme
Example 6 Above the photosphere is the corona.
case det obl cop det punct root Above ADP the DET photosphere NOUN is AUX the DET corona NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Above above ADP _ 3 photosphere case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 photosphere det 3 photosphere photosphere NOUN Number=Sing 6 corona obl 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 corona cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 corona det 6 corona corona NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 corona punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the corona the photosphere tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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