piano Who acts: piano, You, small hammers, She, piano lesson, he · What happens: be, press, hit, mean, play, practise · To what, where: big musical instrument, keys, strings, music, piano, 20 dollars · Speech: someone speaks here
«piano» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: piano in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A piano is a big musical instrument with black and white keys. You press the keys and small hammers hit strings inside.
Sentence 1: A piano is a big musical instrument with black and white keys.
det nsubj cop det amod amod case amod cc conj nmod punct root A DET piano NOUN is AUX a DET big ADJ musical ADJ instrument NOUN with ADP black ADJ and CCONJ white ADJ keys NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 piano det 2 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 7 instrument nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 instrument cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 instrument det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 instrument amod 6 musical musical ADJ Degree=Pos 7 instrument amod 7 instrument instrument NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 with with ADP _ 12 keys case 9 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 12 keys amod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 white cc 11 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 9 black conj 12 keys key NOUN Number=Plur 7 instrument nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 instrument punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a piano a big musical instrument with black keys tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: You press the keys and small hammers hit strings inside.
nsubj det obj cc amod nsubj conj obj advmod punct root You PRON press VERB the DET keys NOUN and CCONJ small ADJ hammers NOUN hit VERB strings NOUN inside ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 press nsubj 2 press press VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 keys det 4 keys key NOUN Number=Plur 2 press obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 8 hit cc 6 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 hammers amod 7 hammers hammer NOUN Number=Plur 8 hit nsubj 8 hit hit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 press conj 9 strings string NOUN Number=Plur 8 hit obj 10 inside inside ADV _ 8 hit advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 press punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 press present You the keys vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent key=Theme 2 hit past small hammers strings inside property vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme string=Co-Theme
Meaning 2 In music, piano means play softly.
case obl punct nsubj ccomp advmod punct root In ADP music NOUN , PUNCT piano NOUN means VERB play VERB softly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 music case 2 music music NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 music punct 4 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means ccomp 7 softly softly ADV _ 6 play advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present piano music vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 play infinitive softly property vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 She practises the piano 30 minutes a day.
nsubj det obj nummod appos det nmod:unmarked punct root She PRON practises VERB the DET piano NOUN 30 NUM minutes NOUN a DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 practises nsubj 2 practises practise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 piano det 4 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 2 practises obj 5 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 minutes nummod 6 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 4 piano appos 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 day det 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 6 minutes nmod:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 practises punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 practise present She the piano tree rules
Example 2 Each piano lesson costs 20 dollars.
det compound nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET piano NOUN lesson NOUN costs VERB 20 NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 3 lesson det 2 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 3 lesson compound 3 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 4 costs nsubj 4 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 dollars nummod 6 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 4 costs obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present each piano lesson 20 dollars vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value
Example 3 A piano has 88 keys.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET piano NOUN has VERB 88 NUM keys NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 piano det 2 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 88 88 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 keys nummod 5 keys key NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a piano 88 keys vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent key=Patient
Example 4 How long did he play the piano this week?
advmod advmod aux nsubj det obj det obl:unmarked punct root How ADV long ADV did AUX he PRON play VERB the DET piano NOUN this DET week NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 long advmod 2 long long ADV Degree=Pos 5 play advmod 3 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 play aux 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 play nsubj 5 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 piano det 7 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 5 play obj 8 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 week det 9 week week NOUN Number=Sing 5 play obl:unmarked 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play past · do-support he the piano week long property vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piano=Theme
Example 5 She plays the piano in the school concert.
nsubj det obj case det compound obl punct root She PRON plays VERB the DET piano NOUN in ADP the DET school NOUN concert NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 plays nsubj 2 plays play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 piano det 4 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 2 plays obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 concert case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 concert det 7 school school NOUN Number=Sing 8 concert compound 8 concert concert NOUN Number=Sing 2 plays obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 plays punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play present She the piano the school concert vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piano=Theme
Example 6 The piano has 52 white keys and 36 black keys.
det nsubj nummod amod obj cc nummod amod conj punct root The DET piano NOUN has VERB 52 NUM white ADJ keys NOUN and CCONJ 36 NUM black ADJ keys NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 piano det 2 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 52 52 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 keys nummod 5 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 6 keys amod 6 keys key NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 10 keys cc 8 36 36 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 keys nummod 9 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 10 keys amod 10 keys key NOUN Number=Plur 6 keys conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the piano 52 white keys and 36 black keys vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent key=Patient
Example 7 Inside the piano, hammers hit the strings.
case det obl punct nsubj det obj punct root Inside ADP the DET piano NOUN , PUNCT hammers NOUN hit VERB the DET strings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Inside inside ADP _ 3 piano case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 piano det 3 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 6 hit obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 piano punct 5 hammers hammer NOUN Number=Plur 6 hit nsubj 6 hit hit VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 strings det 8 strings string NOUN Number=Plur 6 hit obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 hit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hit past hammers the strings the piano vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent string=Theme inside piano=Destination
Example 8 Moving a piano needs four strong people.
csubj det obj nummod amod obj punct root Moving VERB a DET piano NOUN needs VERB four NUM strong ADJ people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Moving move VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 needs csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 piano det 3 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 1 Moving obj 4 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 people nummod 6 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 7 people amod 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 needs obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 needs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move gerund a piano vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent piano=Theme 2 need present Moving four strong people vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot people=Theme
Example 9 The teacher wrote «p» for piano, which means softly.
det nsubj punct obj punct case obl punct nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct root The DET teacher NOUN wrote VERB « PUNCT p NOUN » PUNCT for ADP piano NOUN , PUNCT which PRON means VERB softly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote nsubj 3 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 p punct 5 p p NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote obj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 p punct 7 for for ADP _ 8 piano case 8 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 means punct 10 which which PRON PronType=Rel 11 means nsubj 11 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 piano acl:relcl 12 softly softly ADV _ 11 means advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past the teacher p for piano vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent p=Result for piano=Beneficiary 2 mean present piano softly property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Example 10 But when the old man played, the piano sounded quite out of tune.
The tree, 13 words cc mark det amod nsubj advcl punct det nsubj advmod case case obl punct root But CCONJ when SCONJ the DET old ADJ man NOUN played VERB , PUNCT the DET piano NOUN sounded VERB quite ADV out ADP of ADP tune NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 10 sounded cc 2 when when SCONJ _ 6 played mark 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 man det 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 man amod 5 man man NOUN Number=Sing 6 played nsubj 6 played play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 sounded advcl 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 played punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 piano det 9 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 10 sounded nsubj 10 sounded sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 quite quite ADV _ 10 sounded advmod 12 out out ADP _ 14 tune case 13 of of ADP _ 14 tune case 14 tune tune NOUN Number=Sing 10 sounded obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 sounded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play past the old man vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 sound past the piano tune vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out tune=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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