pipistrelle Who acts: pipistrelle, We, Pipistrelles, law · What happens: be, fit, eat, use, hear, fly · To what, where: small bat, matchbox, thousands, thousand insects, bat detector, pipistrelles
«pipistrelle» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pipistrelle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A pipistrelle is a very small bat, the commonest kind of bat in Britain and much of Europe.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det advmod amod punct det amod appos case nmod case nmod cc conj case nmod punct root A DET pipistrelle NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV small ADJ bat NOUN , PUNCT the DET commonest ADJ kind NOUN of ADP bat NOUN in ADP Britain PROPN and CCONJ much ADJ of ADP Europe PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pipistrelle det 2 pipistrelle pipistrelle NOUN Number=Sing 7 bat nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bat cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bat det 5 very very ADV _ 6 small advmod 6 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bat amod 7 bat bat NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 kind punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 kind det 10 commonest common ADJ Degree=Sup 11 kind amod 11 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 7 bat appos 12 of of ADP _ 13 bat case 13 bat bat NOUN Number=Sing 11 kind nmod 14 in in ADP _ 15 Britain case 15 Britain Britain PROPN Number=Sing 11 kind nmod 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 much cc 17 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 15 Britain conj 18 of of ADP _ 19 Europe case 19 Europe Europe PROPN Number=Sing 17 much nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 7 bat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pipistrelle a small bat tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A pipistrelle is so small it could fit in a matchbox, and it eats thousands of tiny insects in a night.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop advmod nsubj aux parataxis case det obl punct cc nsubj parataxis obj case amod nmod case det obl punct root A DET pipistrelle NOUN is AUX so ADV small ADJ it PRON could AUX fit VERB in ADP a DET matchbox NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ it PRON eats VERB thousands NOUN of ADP tiny ADJ insects NOUN in ADP a DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pipistrelle det 2 pipistrelle pipistrelle NOUN Number=Sing 5 small nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 small cop 4 so so ADV _ 5 small advmod 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 fit nsubj 7 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 fit aux 8 fit fit VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 small parataxis 9 in in ADP _ 11 matchbox case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 matchbox det 11 matchbox matchbox NOUN Number=Sing 8 fit obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 eats punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 eats cc 14 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 eats nsubj 15 eats eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 small parataxis 16 thousands thousand NOUN Number=Plur 15 eats obj 17 of of ADP _ 19 insects case 18 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 19 insects amod 19 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 16 thousands nmod 20 in in ADP _ 22 night case 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 night det 22 night night NOUN Number=Sing 15 eats obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 small punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a pipistrelle small property tree rules 2 fit could pipistrelle a matchbox vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent in matchbox=Trajectory 3 eat present pipistrelle thousands of tiny insects night vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Patient
Example 1 A pipistrelle can eat three thousand insects in one night.
det nsubj aux compound nummod obj case nummod obl punct root A DET pipistrelle NOUN can AUX eat VERB three NUM thousand NUM insects NOUN in ADP one NUM night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pipistrelle det 2 pipistrelle pipistrelle NOUN Number=Sing 4 eat nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 eat aux 4 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 thousand compound 6 thousand thousand NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 insects nummod 7 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 4 eat obj 8 in in ADP _ 10 night case 9 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 night nummod 10 night night NOUN Number=Sing 4 eat obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat can a pipistrelle thousand insects night vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient
Example 2 We used a bat detector to hear the pipistrelles.
nsubj det compound obj mark advcl det obj punct root We PRON used VERB a DET bat NOUN detector NOUN to PART hear VERB the DET pipistrelles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 detector det 4 bat bat NOUN Number=Sing 5 detector compound 5 detector detector NOUN Number=Sing 2 used obj 6 to to PART _ 7 hear mark 7 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 used advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 pipistrelles det 9 pipistrelles pipistrelle NOUN Number=Plur 7 hear obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past We a bat detector vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent detector=Patient 2 hear to-infinitive We not said here the pipistrelles vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer pipistrelle=Stimulus
Example 3 The pipistrelle flew around the streetlight catching moths.
det nsubj case det obl advcl obj punct root The DET pipistrelle NOUN flew VERB around ADP the DET streetlight NOUN catching VERB moths NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pipistrelle det 2 pipistrelle pipistrelle NOUN Number=Sing 3 flew nsubj 3 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 around around ADP _ 6 streetlight case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 streetlight det 6 streetlight streetlight NOUN Number=Sing 3 flew obl 7 catching catch VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 flew advcl 8 moths moth NOUN Number=Plur 7 catching obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 flew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly past the pipistrelle the streetlight vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around streetlight=Location 2 catch gerund the pipistrelle not said here moths vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Theme
Example 4 Pipistrelles roost in roofs and old trees.
nsubj case obl cc amod conj punct root Pipistrelles NOUN roost VERB in ADP roofs NOUN and CCONJ old ADJ trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pipistrelles pipistrelle NOUN Number=Plur 2 roost nsubj 2 roost roost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 roofs case 4 roofs roof NOUN Number=Plur 2 roost obl 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 trees cc 6 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 trees amod 7 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 4 roofs conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 roost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roost present Pipistrelles roofs and old trees vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in roof=Location
Example 5 A pipistrelle weighs less than a pound coin.
det nsubj obj case det compound obl punct root A DET pipistrelle NOUN weighs VERB less ADJ than ADP a DET pound NOUN coin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pipistrelle det 2 pipistrelle pipistrelle NOUN Number=Sing 3 weighs nsubj 3 weighs weigh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 weighs obj 5 than than ADP _ 8 coin case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 coin det 7 pound pound NOUN Number=Sing 8 coin compound 8 coin coin NOUN Number=Sing 4 less obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 weighs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 weigh present a pipistrelle less vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme less=Value
Example 6 Bats like the pipistrelle are protected by law in Britain.
nsubj:pass case det nmod aux:pass case obl case obl punct root Bats NOUN like ADP the DET pipistrelle NOUN are AUX protected VERB by ADP law NOUN in ADP Britain PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 6 protected nsubj:pass 2 like like ADP _ 4 pipistrelle case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 pipistrelle det 4 pipistrelle pipistrelle NOUN Number=Sing 1 Bats nmod 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 protected aux:pass 6 protected protect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 by by ADP _ 8 law case 8 law law NOUN Number=Sing 6 protected obl 9 in in ADP _ 10 Britain case 10 Britain Britain PROPN Number=Sing 6 protected obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 protected punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 protect present · passive law Bats like the pipistrelle Britain vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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