piston Who acts: piston, short solid cylinder, pistons, legs, bike pump, We · What happens: be, move up, push, describe, move, run · To what, where: short solid cylinder, tube, key part, something, engine, piston
«piston» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: piston in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A piston is a short solid cylinder that moves up and down or in and out inside a tube, pushed by pressure; it is a key part of engines and pumps.
The tree, 31 words det nsubj cop det amod amod nsubj acl:relcl advmod cc conj cc conj cc conj case det obl punct acl case obl punct nsubj cop det amod parataxis case nmod cc conj punct root A DET piston NOUN is AUX a DET short ADJ solid ADJ cylinder NOUN that PRON moves VERB up ADV and CCONJ down ADV or CCONJ in ADV and CCONJ out ADV inside ADP a DET tube NOUN , PUNCT pushed VERB by ADP pressure NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX a DET key ADJ part NOUN of ADP engines NOUN and CCONJ pumps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 piston det 2 piston piston NOUN Number=Sing 7 cylinder nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cylinder cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 cylinder det 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cylinder amod 6 solid solid ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cylinder amod 7 cylinder cylinder NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 moves nsubj 9 moves move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cylinder acl:relcl 10 up up ADV _ 9 moves advmod 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 down cc 12 down down ADV _ 10 up conj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 in cc 14 in in ADV _ 10 up conj 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 out cc 16 out out ADV _ 10 up conj 17 inside inside ADP _ 19 tube case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 tube det 19 tube tube NOUN Number=Sing 9 moves obl 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 pushed punct 21 pushed push VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 19 tube acl 22 by by ADP _ 23 pressure case 23 pressure pressure NOUN Number=Sing 21 pushed obl 24 ; ; PUNCT _ 29 part punct 25 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 29 part nsubj 26 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 29 part cop 27 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 29 part det 28 key key ADJ Degree=Pos 29 part amod 29 part part NOUN Number=Sing 7 cylinder parataxis 30 of of ADP _ 31 engines case 31 engines engine NOUN Number=Plur 29 part nmod 32 and and CCONJ _ 33 pumps cc 33 pumps pump NOUN Number=Plur 31 engines conj 34 . . PUNCT _ 7 cylinder punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a piston a short solid cylinder tree rules 2 move up present a short solid cylinder a tube vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme inside tube=Trajectory 3 push participle a tube not said here by pressure vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent by pressure=Trajectory 4 is a present piston a key part of engines and pumps tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
«Like pistons» describes something moving fast up and down, like legs running.
The tree, 12 words punct case nsubj punct obj acl advmod advmod cc conj punct case obl acl punct root « PUNCT Like ADP pistons NOUN » PUNCT describes VERB something PRON moving VERB fast ADV up ADV and CCONJ down ADV , PUNCT like ADP legs NOUN running VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 pistons punct 2 Like like ADP _ 3 pistons case 3 pistons piston NOUN Number=Plur 5 describes nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 pistons punct 5 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 describes obj 7 moving move VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 something acl 8 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 7 moving advmod 9 up up ADV _ 7 moving advmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 down cc 11 down down ADV _ 9 up conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 legs punct 13 like like ADP _ 14 legs case 14 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 7 moving obl 15 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 14 legs acl 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe present pistons something vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 move gerund like legs; fast property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 3 run gerund legs not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The piston moves up and down inside the engine.
det nsubj advmod cc conj case det obl punct root The DET piston NOUN moves VERB up ADV and CCONJ down ADV inside ADP the DET engine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 piston det 2 piston piston NOUN Number=Sing 3 moves nsubj 3 moves move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 up up ADV _ 3 moves advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 down cc 6 down down ADV _ 4 up conj 7 inside inside ADP _ 9 engine case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 engine det 9 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 3 moves obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 moves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move up present the piston the engine vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme inside engine=Trajectory
Example 2 A bike pump has a piston inside.
det compound nsubj det obj advmod punct root A DET bike NOUN pump NOUN has VERB a DET piston NOUN inside ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 pump det 2 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 3 pump compound 3 pump pump NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 piston det 6 piston piston NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 7 inside inside ADV _ 4 has advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a bike pump a piston inside property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piston=Patient
Example 3 Pistons turn the crankshaft in a car.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root Pistons NOUN turn VERB the DET crankshaft NOUN in ADP a DET car NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pistons piston NOUN Number=Plur 2 turn nsubj 2 turn turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 crankshaft det 4 crankshaft crankshaft NOUN Number=Sing 2 turn obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 car case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 car det 7 car car NOUN Number=Sing 2 turn obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn present Pistons the crankshaft in a car vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent crankshaft=Patient in car=Topic
Example 4 We made a moving arm with syringes as pistons.
nsubj det amod obj case obl case obl punct root We PRON made VERB a DET moving VERB arm NOUN with ADP syringes NOUN as ADP pistons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 arm det 4 moving move VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 arm amod 5 arm arm NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 6 with with ADP _ 7 syringes case 7 syringes syringe NOUN Number=Plur 2 made obl 8 as as ADP _ 9 pistons case 9 pistons piston NOUN Number=Plur 2 made obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past We a moving arm with syringes; as pistons vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Product 2 move gerund vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Steam pushed the pistons of the old train.
nsubj det obj case det amod nmod punct root Steam NOUN pushed VERB the DET pistons NOUN of ADP the DET old ADJ train NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 2 pushed nsubj 2 pushed push VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 pistons det 4 pistons piston NOUN Number=Plur 2 pushed obj 5 of of ADP _ 8 train case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 train det 7 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 8 train amod 8 train train NOUN Number=Sing 4 pistons nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 pushed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 push past Steam the pistons of the old train vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piston=Theme
Example 6 His legs went like pistons as he raced to the finish.
nmod:poss nsubj case obl mark nsubj advcl case det obl punct root His PRON legs NOUN went VERB like ADP pistons NOUN as SCONJ he PRON raced VERB to ADP the DET finish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 legs nmod:poss 2 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 3 went nsubj 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 like like ADP _ 5 pistons case 5 pistons piston NOUN Number=Plur 3 went obl 6 as as SCONJ _ 8 raced mark 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 raced nsubj 8 raced race VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 went advcl 9 to to ADP _ 11 finish case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 finish det 11 finish finish NOUN Number=Sing 8 raced obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past His legs like pistons vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 race past he the finish vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to finish=Destination
Example 7 A syringe is a simple piston and cylinder.
det nsubj cop det amod cc conj punct root A DET syringe NOUN is AUX a DET simple ADJ piston NOUN and CCONJ cylinder NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 syringe det 2 syringe syringe NOUN Number=Sing 6 piston nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 piston cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 piston det 5 simple simple ADJ Degree=Pos 6 piston amod 6 piston piston NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 cylinder cc 8 cylinder cylinder NOUN Number=Sing 6 piston conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 piston punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a syringe a simple piston and cylinder tree rules
Example 8 The huge limbs moved as steadily as pistons, eight feet to each stride, and the wrinkled skin of the elbow points rustled.
The tree, 22 words det amod nsubj advmod advmod case obl punct nummod conj case det obl punct cc det amod nsubj case det compound nmod conj punct root The DET huge ADJ limbs NOUN moved VERB as ADV steadily ADV as ADP pistons NOUN , PUNCT eight NUM feet NOUN to ADP each DET stride NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET wrinkled VERB skin NOUN of ADP the DET elbow NOUN points NOUN rustled VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 limbs det 2 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 3 limbs amod 3 limbs limb NOUN Number=Plur 4 moved nsubj 4 moved move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 as as ADV _ 6 steadily advmod 6 steadily steadily ADV _ 4 moved advmod 7 as as ADP _ 8 pistons case 8 pistons piston NOUN Number=Plur 4 moved obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 feet punct 10 eight eight NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 feet nummod 11 feet foot NOUN Number=Plur 8 pistons conj 12 to to ADP _ 14 stride case 13 each each DET PronType=Tot 14 stride det 14 stride stride NOUN Number=Sing 4 moved obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 24 rustled punct 16 and and CCONJ _ 24 rustled cc 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 skin det 18 wrinkled wrinkle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 19 skin amod 19 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 24 rustled nsubj 20 of of ADP _ 23 points case 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 points det 22 elbow elbow NOUN Number=Sing 23 points compound 23 points point NOUN Number=Plur 19 skin nmod 24 rustled rustle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 moved conj 25 . . PUNCT _ 4 moved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move past the huge limbs each stride as pistons and eight feet; steadily property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to stride=Trajectory 2 wrinkle participle vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 rustle past the wrinkled skin of the elbow points vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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