placebo Who acts: placebo, that, someone, they, one group, group · What happens: be, have, feel, believe, treat, get · To what, where: fake medicine, medicine, placebo, placebo effect, they, real medicine · Speech: someone speaks here
«placebo» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: placebo in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A placebo is a fake medicine, such as a sugar pill, that has no medicine in it.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det amod punct case fixed det compound conj punct nsubj parataxis det obj case obl punct root A DET placebo NOUN is AUX a DET fake ADJ medicine NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET sugar NOUN pill NOUN , PUNCT that PRON has VERB no DET medicine NOUN in ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 placebo det 2 placebo placebo NOUN Number=Sing 6 medicine nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 medicine cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 medicine det 5 fake fake ADJ Degree=Pos 6 medicine amod 6 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 pill punct 8 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 12 pill case 9 as as ADP _ 8 such fixed 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 pill det 11 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 12 pill compound 12 pill pill NOUN Number=Sing 6 medicine conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 has punct 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 has nsubj 15 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 medicine parataxis 16 no no DET PronType=Neg 17 medicine det 17 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 15 has obj 18 in in ADP _ 19 it case 19 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 has obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 medicine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a placebo a fake medicine and a sugar pill tree rules 2 have present that no medicine placebo vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The placebo effect is when someone feels better just because they believe they have been treated.
The tree, 16 words det compound cop mark nsubj ccomp xcomp advmod mark nsubj advcl nsubj:pass aux aux:pass ccomp punct root The DET placebo NOUN effect NOUN is AUX when SCONJ someone PRON feels VERB better ADJ just ADV because SCONJ they PRON believe VERB they PRON have AUX been AUX treated VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 effect det 2 placebo placebo NOUN Number=Sing 3 effect compound 3 effect effect NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 effect cop 5 when when SCONJ _ 7 feels mark 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 feels nsubj 7 feels feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 effect ccomp 8 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 feels xcomp 9 just just ADV _ 12 believe advmod 10 because because SCONJ _ 12 believe mark 11 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 believe nsubj 12 believe believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 feels advcl 13 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 treated nsubj:pass 14 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 treated aux 15 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 16 treated aux:pass 16 treated treat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 believe ccomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 effect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the placebo effect tree rules 2 feel present someone good property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 3 believe present they vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 4 treat present · perfect · passive they vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Meaning 3 In a science test of a medicine, one group gets the real medicine and another group gets a placebo, so scientists can compare.
The tree, 23 words case det compound obl case det nmod punct nummod nsubj det amod obj cc det nsubj conj det obj punct advmod nsubj aux parataxis punct root In ADP a DET science NOUN test NOUN of ADP a DET medicine NOUN , PUNCT one NUM group NOUN gets VERB the DET real ADJ medicine NOUN and CCONJ another DET group NOUN gets VERB a DET placebo NOUN , PUNCT so ADV scientists NOUN can AUX compare VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 test case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 test det 3 science science NOUN Number=Sing 4 test compound 4 test test NOUN Number=Sing 11 gets obl 5 of of ADP _ 7 medicine case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 medicine det 7 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 4 test nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 4 test punct 9 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 group nummod 10 group group NOUN Number=Sing 11 gets nsubj 11 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 medicine det 13 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 14 medicine amod 14 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 11 gets obj 15 and and CCONJ _ 18 gets cc 16 another another DET PronType=Ind 17 group det 17 group group NOUN Number=Sing 18 gets nsubj 18 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 gets conj 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 placebo det 20 placebo placebo NOUN Number=Sing 18 gets obj 21 , , PUNCT _ 25 compare punct 22 so so ADV _ 25 compare advmod 23 scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 25 compare nsubj 24 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 25 compare aux 25 compare compare VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 gets parataxis 26 . . PUNCT _ 11 gets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present one group the real medicine a science test of a medicine vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer medicine=Stimulus 2 get present another group a placebo vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer placebo=Stimulus 3 compare can scientists vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient 4 test a medicine nom test «cognition transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 Half the volunteers got the new medicine and half got a placebo.
det:predet det nsubj det amod obj cc nsubj conj det obj punct root Half DET the DET volunteers NOUN got VERB the DET new ADJ medicine NOUN and CCONJ half NOUN got VERB a DET placebo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Half half DET NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind 3 volunteers det:predet 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 volunteers det 3 volunteers volunteer NOUN Number=Plur 4 got nsubj 4 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 medicine det 6 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 7 medicine amod 7 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 4 got obj 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 got cc 9 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 10 got nsubj 10 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 got conj 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 placebo det 12 placebo placebo NOUN Number=Sing 10 got obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past half volunteers the new medicine vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer medicine=Stimulus 2 get past half a placebo vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer placebo=Stimulus
Example 2 The placebo was just a sugar pill.
det nsubj cop advmod det compound punct root The DET placebo NOUN was AUX just ADV a DET sugar NOUN pill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 placebo det 2 placebo placebo NOUN Number=Sing 7 pill nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 pill cop 4 just just ADV _ 7 pill advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pill det 6 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 7 pill compound 7 pill pill NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 pill punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the placebo a sugar pill tree rules
Example 3 Some people felt better because of the placebo effect.
det nsubj xcomp case fixed det compound obl punct root Some DET people NOUN felt VERB better ADJ because ADP of ADP the DET placebo NOUN effect NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 people det 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 felt nsubj 3 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 felt xcomp 5 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 9 effect case 6 of of ADP _ 5 because fixed 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 effect det 8 placebo placebo NOUN Number=Sing 9 effect compound 9 effect effect NOUN Number=Sing 3 felt obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past some people because the placebo effect; good property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 4 The scientists compared the medicine group with the placebo group.
det nsubj det compound obj case det compound obl punct root The DET scientists NOUN compared VERB the DET medicine NOUN group NOUN with ADP the DET placebo NOUN group NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 scientists det 2 scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 3 compared nsubj 3 compared compare VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 group det 5 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 6 group compound 6 group group NOUN Number=Sing 3 compared obj 7 with with ADP _ 10 group case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 group det 9 placebo placebo NOUN Number=Sing 10 group compound 10 group group NOUN Number=Sing 3 compared obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 compared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 compare past the scientists the medicine group with the placebo group vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent group=Patient with group=Co-Patient
Example 5 If the medicine works no better than a placebo, it does not really work.
The tree, 14 words mark det nsubj advcl advmod xcomp case det obl punct nsubj aux advmod advmod punct root If SCONJ the DET medicine NOUN works VERB no ADV better ADJ than ADP a DET placebo NOUN , PUNCT it PRON does AUX not PART really ADV work VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 works mark 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 medicine det 3 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 4 works nsubj 4 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 work advcl 5 no no ADV _ 6 better advmod 6 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 works xcomp 7 than than ADP _ 9 placebo case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 placebo det 9 placebo placebo NOUN Number=Sing 6 better obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 4 works punct 11 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 work nsubj 12 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 work aux 13 not not PART Polarity=Neg 15 work advmod 14 really really ADV _ 15 work advmod 15 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 16 . . PUNCT _ 15 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work a condition, not said to happen present the medicine good property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 not work present · do-support medicine vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 The lift's «close door» button might be a placebo that does nothing.
The tree, 13 words det nmod:poss case punct amod compound punct nsubj aux cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root The DET lift NOUN 's PART « PUNCT close ADJ door NOUN » PUNCT button NOUN might AUX be AUX a DET placebo NOUN that PRON does VERB nothing PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lift det 2 lift lift NOUN Number=Sing 8 button nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 lift case 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 door punct 5 close close ADJ Degree=Pos 6 door amod 6 door door NOUN Number=Sing 8 button compound 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 door punct 8 button button NOUN Number=Sing 12 placebo nsubj 9 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 placebo aux 10 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 12 placebo cop 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 placebo det 12 placebo placebo NOUN Number=Sing root root 13 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 does nsubj 14 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 placebo acl:relcl 15 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 14 does obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 12 placebo punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a might the lift's door button a placebo tree rules 2 do present a placebo nothing vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality
Example 7 Our class did a taste test where some drinks were a placebo.
nmod:poss nsubj det compound obj advmod det nsubj cop det nmod punct root Our PRON class NOUN did VERB a DET taste NOUN test NOUN where ADV some DET drinks NOUN were AUX a DET placebo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 class nmod:poss 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 did nsubj 3 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 test det 5 taste taste NOUN Number=Sing 6 test compound 6 test test NOUN Number=Sing 3 did obj 7 where where ADV PronType=Rel 12 placebo advmod 8 some some DET PronType=Ind 9 drinks det 9 drinks drink NOUN Number=Plur 12 placebo nsubj 10 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 placebo cop 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 placebo det 12 placebo placebo NOUN Number=Sing 6 test nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 did punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do past Our class a taste test vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Eventuality 2 is a past some drinks a placebo tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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