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planetesimal

Who acts: planetesimal, that, scientists, many, Planets, asteroids · What happens: be, move, think, crash, stick together, build · To what, where: small solid lump, few metres, young star, planets, millions, leftover planetesimals · Speech: someone speaks here

«planetesimal» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: planetesimal in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A planetesimal is a small solid lump of rock, dust or ice, from a few metres to a few kilometres across, that moved around a young star; scientists think many of them crashed and stuck together to build planets.

The tree, 39 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 planetesimal	det
2	planetesimal	planetesimal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lump	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 lump	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 lump	det
5	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 lump	amod
6	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 lump	amod
7	lump	lump	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 rock	case
9	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lump	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 dust	punct
11	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 rock	conj
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 ice	cc
13	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 rock	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 metres	punct
15	from	from	ADP	_	18 metres	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 metres	det
17	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 metres	amod
18	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 lump	obl:unmarked
19	to	to	ADP	_	22 kilometres	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 kilometres	det
21	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 kilometres	amod
22	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 metres	nmod
23	across	across	ADV	_	18 metres	advmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 moved	punct
25	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	26 moved	nsubj
26	moved	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 lump	parataxis
27	around	around	ADP	_	30 star	case
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 star	det
29	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 star	amod
30	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 moved	obl
31	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 think	punct
32	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 think	nsubj
33	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 moved	conj
34	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 crashed	nsubj
35	of	of	ADP	_	36 them	case
36	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 many	nmod
37	crashed	crash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 think	ccomp
38	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 stuck	cc
39	stuck	stick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	37 crashed	conj
40	together	together	ADV	_	39 stuck	advmod
41	to	to	PART	_	42 build	mark
42	build	build	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	39 stuck	xcomp
43	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 build	obj
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 lump	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a planetesimal	a small solid lump		a few metres to a few kilometres		of rock and dust or ice	tree rules
2	move	past	that			a young star			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme around star=Trajectory
3	think speech: other	present	scientists						vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	crash	past	many of scientists						vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	stick together	past	many of scientists not said here					together property	tree rules
6	build	to-infinitive	many of scientists not said here	planets					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset planet=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

Planets formed from millions of planetesimals.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 formed	nsubj
2	formed	form	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 millions	case
4	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 formed	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 planetesimals	case
6	planetesimals	planetesimal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 millions	nmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 formed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	participle	Planets			millions of planetesimals			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 2

A planetesimal is like a building block of a planet.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 planetesimal	det
2	planetesimal	planetesimal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 block	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 block	cop
4	like	like	ADP	_	7 block	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 block	det
6	building	building	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 block	compound
7	block	block	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 planet	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 planet	det
10	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 block	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 block	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a planetesimal					like a building block; of a planet	tree rules

Example 3

Some asteroids may be leftover planetesimals.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 asteroids	det
2	asteroids	asteroid	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 planetesimals	nsubj
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 planetesimals	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 planetesimals	cop
5	leftover	leftover	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 planetesimals	compound
6	planetesimals	planetesimal	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 planetesimals	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	may	some asteroids	leftover planetesimals					tree rules

Example 4

The planetesimals bumped and stuck together.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 planetesimals	det
2	planetesimals	planetesimal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bumped	nsubj
3	bumped	bump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 stuck	cc
5	stuck	stick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 bumped	conj
6	together	together	ADV	_	5 stuck	advmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 bumped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bump	past	the planetesimals						vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme
2	stick together	past	the planetesimals not said here					together property	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Example 5

Scientists study planetesimals to learn how Earth formed.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 study	nsubj
2	study	study	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	planetesimals	planetesimal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 study	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 learn	mark
5	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 study	advcl
6	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	8 formed	advmod
7	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 formed	nsubj
8	formed	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 learn	advcl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 study	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	study	present	Scientists	planetesimals					vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent planetesimal=Topic
2	learn	to-infinitive	Scientists not said here						vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	form	past	Earth						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 6

Earth may have grown from planetesimals crashing together.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 grown	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 grown	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 grown	aux
4	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 planetesimals	case
6	planetesimals	planetesimal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grown	obl
7	crashing	crash	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 planetesimals	acl
8	together	together	ADV	_	7 crashing	advmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 grown	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	may · perfect	Earth					from planetesimals	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent from planetesimal=Patient
2	crash	gerund	planetesimals not said here					together property	vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/planetesimal/