plankton Who acts: Plankton, animals, most, Plant plankton, we, animal plankton · What happens: be, drift, carry, see, make, produce · To what, where: tiny plants, sea, food, sunlight, large share, oxygen
«plankton» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: plankton in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Plankton are tiny plants and animals that drift in the sea and in lakes, carried by the water; most are too small to see without a microscope.
The tree, 27 words nsubj cop amod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl case det obl cc case conj punct acl case det obl punct nsubj cop advmod amod mark advcl case det obl punct root Plankton NOUN are AUX tiny ADJ plants NOUN and CCONJ animals NOUN that PRON drift VERB in ADP the DET sea NOUN and CCONJ in ADP lakes NOUN , PUNCT carried VERB by ADP the DET water NOUN ; PUNCT most ADJ are AUX too ADV small ADJ to PART see VERB without ADP a DET microscope NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plankton plankton NOUN Number=Plur 4 plants nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 plants cop 3 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 4 plants amod 4 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 animals cc 6 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 4 plants conj 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 drift nsubj 8 drift drift VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 animals acl:relcl 9 in in ADP _ 11 sea case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 sea det 11 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 8 drift obl 12 and and CCONJ _ 14 lakes cc 13 in in ADP _ 14 lakes case 14 lakes lake NOUN Number=Plur 11 sea conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 carried punct 16 carried carry VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 plants acl 17 by by ADP _ 19 water case 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 water det 19 water water NOUN Number=Sing 16 carried obl 20 ; ; PUNCT _ 24 small punct 21 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 24 small nsubj 22 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 small cop 23 too too ADV _ 24 small advmod 24 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 4 plants amod 25 to to PART _ 26 see mark 26 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 24 small advcl 27 without without ADP _ 29 microscope case 28 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 29 microscope det 29 microscope microscope NOUN Number=Sing 26 see obl 30 . . PUNCT _ 4 plants punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Plankton tiny plants and animals tree rules 2 drift present animals the sea and lakes vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Trajectory 3 carry participle tiny plants and animals not said here by the water vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 is present most small property tree rules 5 see to-infinitive most not said here without a microscope vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Plant plankton (phytoplankton) make food from sunlight and produce a large share of the oxygen we breathe; animal plankton (zooplankton) include tiny shrimps and baby fish.
The tree, 26 words compound nsubj punct appos punct obj case obl cc conj det amod obj case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl punct compound nsubj punct appos punct parataxis amod obj cc compound conj punct root Plant NOUN plankton NOUN ( PUNCT phytoplankton NOUN ) PUNCT make VERB food NOUN from ADP sunlight NOUN and CCONJ produce VERB a DET large ADJ share NOUN of ADP the DET oxygen NOUN we PRON breathe VERB ; PUNCT animal NOUN plankton NOUN ( PUNCT zooplankton NOUN ) PUNCT include VERB tiny ADJ shrimps NOUN and CCONJ baby NOUN fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 2 plankton compound 2 plankton plankton NOUN Number=Sing 6 make nsubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 phytoplankton punct 4 phytoplankton phytoplankton NOUN Number=Sing 2 plankton appos 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 phytoplankton punct 6 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 food food NOUN Number=Sing 6 make obj 8 from from ADP _ 9 sunlight case 9 sunlight sunlight NOUN Number=Sing 6 make obl 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 produce cc 11 produce produce VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 make conj 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 share det 13 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 14 share amod 14 share share NOUN Number=Sing 11 produce obj 15 of of ADP _ 17 oxygen case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 oxygen det 17 oxygen oxygen NOUN Number=Sing 14 share nmod 18 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 19 breathe nsubj 19 breathe breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 oxygen acl:relcl 20 ; ; PUNCT _ 22 plankton punct 21 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 22 plankton compound 22 plankton plankton NOUN Number=Sing 26 include nsubj 23 ( ( PUNCT _ 24 zooplankton punct 24 zooplankton zooplankton NOUN Number=Sing 22 plankton appos 25 ) ) PUNCT _ 24 zooplankton punct 26 include include VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 make parataxis 27 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 28 shrimps amod 28 shrimps shrimp NOUN Number=Plur 26 include obj 29 and and CCONJ _ 31 fish cc 30 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 31 fish compound 31 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 28 shrimps conj 32 . . PUNCT _ 6 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Plant plankton food sunlight vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from sunlight=Material 2 produce infinitive Plant plankton not said here a large share of the oxygen vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent share=Result 3 breathe present we the oxygen not said here vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme 4 include present animal plankton tiny shrimps and baby fish vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shrimp=Theme 5 share the oxygen nom share «possession transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 Plankton float in the ocean.
nsubj case det obl punct root Plankton NOUN float VERB in ADP the DET ocean NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plankton plankton NOUN Number=Plur 2 float nsubj 2 float float VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 ocean case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 ocean det 5 ocean ocean NOUN Number=Sing 2 float obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 float punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 float present Plankton the ocean vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ocean=Trajectory
Example 2 Many whales feed on tiny plankton and krill.
amod nsubj case amod obl cc conj punct root Many ADJ whales NOUN feed VERB on ADP tiny ADJ plankton NOUN and CCONJ krill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 whales amod 2 whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 3 feed nsubj 3 feed feed VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 plankton case 5 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 plankton amod 6 plankton plankton NOUN Number=Sing 3 feed obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 krill cc 8 krill krill NOUN Number=Sing 6 plankton conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 feed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feed present Many whales on tiny plankton and krill vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on plankton=Patient
Example 3 Plankton are at the bottom of the ocean food chain.
nsubj cop case det case det compound compound nmod punct root Plankton NOUN are AUX at ADP the DET bottom NOUN of ADP the DET ocean NOUN food NOUN chain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plankton plankton NOUN Number=Plur 5 bottom nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bottom cop 3 at at ADP _ 5 bottom case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bottom det 5 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 10 chain case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 chain det 8 ocean ocean NOUN Number=Sing 10 chain compound 9 food food NOUN Number=Sing 10 chain compound 10 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 5 bottom nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 bottom punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Plankton the bottom of the ocean food chain tree rules
Example 4 Phytoplankton make oxygen from sunlight.
nsubj obj case obl punct root Phytoplankton NOUN make VERB oxygen NOUN from ADP sunlight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Phytoplankton phytoplankton NOUN Number=Sing 2 make nsubj 2 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 oxygen oxygen NOUN Number=Sing 2 make obj 4 from from ADP _ 5 sunlight case 5 sunlight sunlight NOUN Number=Sing 2 make obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Phytoplankton oxygen sunlight vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset oxygen=Product from sunlight=Material
Example 5 We looked at plankton under the microscope.
nsubj case obl case det obl punct root We PRON looked VERB at ADP plankton NOUN under ADP the DET microscope NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 4 plankton case 4 plankton plankton NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obl 5 under under ADP _ 7 microscope case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 microscope det 7 microscope microscope NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past We under the microscope; at plankton vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at plankton=Theme
Example 6 The sea glowed at night because of special plankton.
det nsubj case obl case fixed amod obl punct root The DET sea NOUN glowed VERB at ADP night NOUN because ADP of ADP special ADJ plankton NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sea det 2 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 3 glowed nsubj 3 glowed glow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 5 night case 5 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 glowed obl 6 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 9 plankton case 7 of of ADP _ 6 because fixed 8 special special ADJ Degree=Pos 9 plankton amod 9 plankton plankton NOUN Number=Sing 3 glowed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 glowed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 glow past the sea night because special plankton vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Small fish eat plankton, and bigger fish eat the small fish.
amod nsubj obj punct cc amod nsubj conj det amod obj punct root Small ADJ fish NOUN eat VERB plankton NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ bigger ADJ fish NOUN eat VERB the DET small ADJ fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Small small ADJ Degree=Pos 2 fish amod 2 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 3 eat nsubj 3 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 plankton plankton NOUN Number=Sing 3 eat obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 eat punct 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 eat cc 7 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 fish amod 8 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 9 eat nsubj 9 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 eat conj 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 fish det 11 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 12 fish amod 12 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 9 eat obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Small fish plankton vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plankton=Patient 2 eat present bigger fish the small fish vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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