pledge Who acts: your, pledge, you, Iollan, We, they · What happens: pledge, be, give, word, leave, keep · To what, where: word, solemn promise, item, pledge, it, secret · Speech: someone speaks here
«pledge» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pledge in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To pledge is to promise firmly, giving your word or faith.
mark csubj cop mark advmod punct advcl nmod:poss obj cc conj punct root To PART pledge VERB is AUX to PART promise VERB firmly ADV , PUNCT giving VERB your PRON word NOUN or CCONJ faith NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 pledge mark 2 pledge pledge VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 promise csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 promise cop 4 to to PART _ 5 promise mark 5 promise promise VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 firmly firmly ADV _ 5 promise advmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 giving punct 8 giving give VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 promise advcl 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 word nmod:poss 10 word word NOUN Number=Sing 8 giving obj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 faith cc 12 faith faith NOUN Number=Sing 10 word conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 promise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pledge to-infinitive vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 be speech: promise present firmly, promise property tree rules 3 give gerund your word or faith vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme 4 word your nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A pledge is a solemn promise.
det nsubj cop det amod punct root A DET pledge NOUN is AUX a DET solemn ADJ promise NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pledge det 2 pledge pledge NOUN Number=Sing 6 promise nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 promise cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 promise det 5 solemn solemn ADJ Degree=Pos 6 promise amod 6 promise promise NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 promise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pledge a solemn promise tree rules
Meaning 3 A pledge is an item left as a security for a debt, or as a sign that you will keep your word.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det acl case det obl case det obl punct cc case det conj mark nsubj aux acl nmod:poss obj punct root A DET pledge NOUN is AUX an DET item NOUN left VERB as ADP a DET security NOUN for ADP a DET debt NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ as ADP a DET sign NOUN that SCONJ you PRON will AUX keep VERB your PRON word NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pledge det 2 pledge pledge NOUN Number=Sing 5 item nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 item cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 item det 5 item item NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 item acl 7 as as ADP _ 9 security case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 security det 9 security security NOUN Number=Sing 6 left obl 10 for for ADP _ 12 debt case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 debt det 12 debt debt NOUN Number=Sing 6 left obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 sign punct 14 or or CCONJ _ 17 sign cc 15 as as ADP _ 17 sign case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 sign det 17 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 5 item conj 18 that that SCONJ _ 21 keep mark 19 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 21 keep nsubj 20 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 21 keep aux 21 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 17 sign acl 22 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 23 word nmod:poss 23 word word NOUN Number=Sing 21 keep obj 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 item punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pledge a item or a sign tree rules 2 leave participle a item or a sign not said here as a security; for a debt vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent for debt=Recipient 3 keep future you your word vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme 4 word your nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 "I give that pledge," said Iollan.
punct nsubj ccomp det obj punct punct nsubj punct root " PUNCT I PRON give VERB that DET pledge NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB Iollan PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 give punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 give nsubj 3 give give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 said ccomp 4 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 pledge det 5 pledge pledge NOUN Number=Sing 3 give obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 give punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 3 give punct 8 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 Iollan Iollan PROPN Number=Sing 8 said nsubj 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give in a quote present Iollan that pledge vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pledge=Theme 2 say speech: assert past Iollan vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Example 2 "We pledge it," said they.
punct nsubj ccomp obj punct punct nsubj punct root " PUNCT We PRON pledge VERB it PRON , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB they PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 pledge punct 2 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 pledge nsubj 3 pledge pledge VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 said ccomp 4 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 pledge obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 pledge punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 3 pledge punct 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 said nsubj 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pledge in a quote present We it vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent it=Theme 2 say speech: assert past they vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Example 3 "I pass it and pledge it," cried the joyful king.
punct nsubj parataxis obj cc conj obj punct punct det amod obj punct root " PUNCT I PRON pass VERB it PRON and CCONJ pledge VERB it PRON , PUNCT " PUNCT cried VERB the DET joyful ADJ king NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 pass punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 pass nsubj 3 pass pass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 cried parataxis 4 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 pass obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 pledge cc 6 pledge pledge VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 pass conj 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 pledge obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 3 pass punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 3 pass punct 10 cried cry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 king det 12 joyful joyful ADJ Degree=Pos 13 king amod 13 king king NOUN Number=Sing 10 cried obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 10 cried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pass in a quote present the joyful king = king it vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Trajectory 2 pledge in a quote infinitive the joyful king = king not said here it vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent it=Theme 3 cry speech: express past the joyful king vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Example 4 The children made a pledge to keep the secret.
det nsubj det obj mark advcl det obj punct root The DET children NOUN made VERB a DET pledge NOUN to PART keep VERB the DET secret NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 children det 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pledge det 5 pledge pledge NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obj 6 to to PART _ 7 keep mark 7 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 made advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 secret det 9 secret secret NOUN Number=Sing 7 keep obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the children a pledge vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pledge=Product 2 keep to-infinitive the children not said here the secret vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent secret=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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