plow
Who acts: plow, Cincinnatus, you, farmer · What happens: be, pull, turn over, plow, leave, stand · To what, where: farm tool, soil, American spelling, plow, bulls, field
«plow» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: plow in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
A plow is a farm tool pulled by animals to turn over the soil; it is the American spelling of «plough».
The tree, 21 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 plow | det |
| 2 | plow | plow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 tool | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 tool | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 tool | det |
| 5 | farm | farm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 tool | compound |
| 6 | tool | tool | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | pulled | pull | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 tool | acl |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 animals | case |
| 9 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 pulled | obl:agent |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 turn | mark |
| 11 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 pulled | advcl |
| 12 | over | over | ADP | _ | 11 turn | compound:prt |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 soil | det |
| 14 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 turn | obj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 spelling | punct |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 spelling | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 spelling | cop |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 spelling | det |
| 19 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 spelling | amod |
| 20 | spelling | spelling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 tool | appos |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 plough | case |
| 22 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 23 plough | punct |
| 23 | plough | plough | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 spelling | nmod |
| 24 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 20 spelling | punct |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 tool | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a plow | a farm tool | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | pull | participle | a farm tool not said here | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | turn over | to-infinitive | the soil | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent soil=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is a | present | plow | the American spelling | of plough | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2
To plow is to turn over soil with a plow.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | PART | _ | 2 plow | mark |
| 2 | plow | plow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 turn | csubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 turn | cop |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 turn | mark |
| 5 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | over | over | ADP | _ | 7 soil | compound:prt |
| 7 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 turn | obj |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 plow | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 plow | det |
| 10 | plow | plow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 turn | obl |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 turn | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | plow | to-infinitive | vn wipe_instr-10.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | is | present | with a plow; turn property | tree rules |
Example 1
Cincinnatus left his plow standing where it was.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cincinnatus | cincinnatus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 left | nsubj |
| 2 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 plow | nmod:poss |
| 4 | plow | plow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 left | obj |
| 5 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 plow | acl |
| 6 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 8 was | advmod |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 was | nsubj |
| 8 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 standing | advcl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 left | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | past | Cincinnatus | Cincinnatus's plow | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plow=Theme | ||||
| 2 | stand | gerund | Cincinnatus's plow not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | be | past | plow | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Example 2
Keep the bulls and the plow buffaloes by themselves.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 bulls | det |
| 3 | bulls | bull | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Keep | obj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 buffaloes | cc |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 buffaloes | det |
| 6 | plow | plow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 buffaloes | compound |
| 7 | buffaloes | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 bulls | conj |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 themselves | case |
| 9 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 1 Keep | obl |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Keep | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | imperative | you not said here | the bulls and the plow buffaloes | by buffaloes = buffalo | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent bull=Theme by themselves=Location |
Example 3
The farmer plows the field before the rain.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 farmer | det |
| 2 | farmer | farmer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 plows | nsubj |
| 3 | plows | plow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 field | det |
| 5 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 plows | obj |
| 6 | before | before | ADP | _ | 8 rain | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 rain | det |
| 8 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 plows | obl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 plows | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | plow | present | the farmer | the field | before the rain | vn wipe_instr-10.4.2-1 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Agent field=Initial_Location |
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/plow/