plume Who acts: dust, plume, volcano, knight, peacock, whale · What happens: wear, rise, spread out, cloud, tidy, send · To what, where: feathers, smoke, plume, chimney, huge plume, sky
«plume» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: plume in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A large, soft, beautiful feather, or a bunch of feathers worn as decoration.
The tree, 13 words det amod punct amod punct amod punct cc det conj case nmod acl case obl punct root A DET large ADJ , PUNCT soft ADJ , PUNCT beautiful ADJ feather NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ a DET bunch NOUN of ADP feathers NOUN worn VERB as ADP decoration NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 feather det 2 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 7 feather amod 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 large punct 4 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 7 feather amod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 soft punct 6 beautiful beautiful ADJ Degree=Pos 7 feather amod 7 feather feather NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 bunch punct 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 bunch cc 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 bunch det 11 bunch bunch NOUN Number=Sing 7 feather conj 12 of of ADP _ 13 feathers case 13 feathers feather NOUN Number=Plur 11 bunch nmod 14 worn wear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 feathers acl 15 as as ADP _ 16 decoration case 16 decoration decoration NOUN Number=Sing 14 worn obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 feather punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear participle feathers not said here as decoration vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A long cloud of smoke, steam, dust or water that rises and spreads out.
The tree, 14 words det amod case nmod punct conj punct conj cc conj nsubj acl:relcl cc conj compound:prt punct root A DET long ADJ cloud NOUN of ADP smoke NOUN , PUNCT steam NOUN , PUNCT dust NOUN or CCONJ water NOUN that PRON rises VERB and CCONJ spreads VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 cloud det 2 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cloud amod 3 cloud cloud NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 of of ADP _ 5 smoke case 5 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 3 cloud nmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 steam punct 7 steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 3 cloud conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 dust punct 9 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 3 cloud conj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 water cc 11 water water NOUN Number=Sing 9 dust conj 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 rises nsubj 13 rises rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 dust acl:relcl 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 spreads cc 15 spreads spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 rises conj 16 out out ADP _ 15 spreads compound:prt 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 cloud punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise present dust or water vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 spread out present dust or water not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 cloud smoke nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 3 verb (rare).
punct appos punct punct root verb NOUN ( PUNCT rare ADJ ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 rare punct 3 rare rare ADJ Degree=Pos 1 verb appos 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 rare punct 5 . . PUNCT _ 1 verb punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
To rise in a plume, or for a bird to tidy its feathers.
The tree, 13 words mark case det obl punct cc case det appos mark acl nmod:poss obj punct root To PART rise VERB in ADP a DET plume NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ for ADP a DET bird NOUN to PART tidy VERB its PRON feathers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 rise mark 2 rise rise VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 plume case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 plume det 5 plume plume NOUN Number=Sing 2 rise obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 bird punct 7 or or CCONJ _ 10 bird cc 8 for for ADP _ 10 bird case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 bird det 10 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 5 plume appos 11 to to PART _ 12 tidy mark 12 tidy tidy VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 bird acl 13 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 feathers nmod:poss 14 feathers feather NOUN Number=Plur 12 tidy obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 rise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise to-infinitive a plume vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in plume=Location 2 tidy to-infinitive bird's feathers tree rules
Example 1 A plume of smoke rose from the chimney.
det nsubj case nmod case det obl punct root A DET plume NOUN of ADP smoke NOUN rose VERB from ADP the DET chimney NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 plume det 2 plume plume NOUN Number=Sing 5 rose nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 smoke case 4 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 2 plume nmod 5 rose rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 from from ADP _ 8 chimney case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 chimney det 8 chimney chimney NOUN Number=Sing 5 rose obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 rose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise past a plume of smoke the chimney vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from chimney=Initial_Location
Example 2 The volcano sent a huge plume of ash into the sky.
det nsubj det amod obj case nmod case det obl punct root The DET volcano NOUN sent VERB a DET huge ADJ plume NOUN of ADP ash NOUN into ADP the DET sky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 volcano det 2 volcano volcano NOUN Number=Sing 3 sent nsubj 3 sent send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 plume det 5 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 6 plume amod 6 plume plume NOUN Number=Sing 3 sent obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 ash case 8 ash ash NOUN Number=Sing 6 plume nmod 9 into into ADP _ 11 sky case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 sky det 11 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 3 sent obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 sent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send past the volcano a huge plume of ash the sky vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plume=Theme
Example 3 The knight wore a red plume on his helmet.
det nsubj det amod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET knight NOUN wore VERB a DET red ADJ plume NOUN on ADP his PRON helmet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 knight det 2 knight knight NOUN Number=Sing 3 wore nsubj 3 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 plume det 5 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 6 plume amod 6 plume plume NOUN Number=Sing 3 wore obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 helmet case 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 helmet nmod:poss 9 helmet helmet NOUN Number=Sing 3 wore obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past the knight a red plume knight's helmet vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent plume=Source
Example 4 The peacock shook its plumes.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET peacock NOUN shook VERB its PRON plumes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 peacock det 2 peacock peacock NOUN Number=Sing 3 shook nsubj 3 shook shake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 plumes nmod:poss 5 plumes plume NOUN Number=Plur 3 shook obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 shook punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shake past the peacock peacock's plumes vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent plume=Patient
Example 5 The whale blew a plume of spray.
det nsubj det obj case nmod punct root The DET whale NOUN blew VERB a DET plume NOUN of ADP spray NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 whale det 2 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 3 blew nsubj 3 blew blow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 plume det 5 plume plume NOUN Number=Sing 3 blew obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 spray case 7 spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 5 plume nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 blew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blow past the whale a plume of spray vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent plume=Patient
Example 6 Planes could not fly through the ash plume.
nsubj aux advmod case det compound obl punct root Planes NOUN could AUX not PART fly VERB through ADP the DET ash NOUN plume NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Planes plane NOUN Number=Plur 4 fly nsubj 2 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 fly aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 fly advmod 4 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 through through ADP _ 8 plume case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 plume det 7 ash ash NOUN Number=Sing 8 plume compound 8 plume plume NOUN Number=Sing 4 fly obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 fly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not fly could Planes the ash plume vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through plume=Location
Example 7 So he picked up some castoff feathers of the Peacocks and stuck them among his own black plumes.
The tree, 18 words advmod nsubj compound:prt det compound obj case det nmod cc conj obj case nmod:poss amod amod obl punct root So ADV he PRON picked VERB up ADP some DET castoff NOUN feathers NOUN of ADP the DET Peacocks PROPN and CCONJ stuck VERB them PRON among ADP his PRON own ADJ black ADJ plumes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 So so ADV _ 3 picked advmod 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 picked nsubj 3 picked pick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 picked compound:prt 5 some some DET PronType=Ind 7 feathers det 6 castoff castoff NOUN Number=Sing 7 feathers compound 7 feathers feather NOUN Number=Plur 3 picked obj 8 of of ADP _ 10 Peacocks case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 Peacocks det 10 Peacocks Peacock PROPN Number=Plur 7 feathers nmod 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 stuck cc 12 stuck stick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 picked conj 13 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 stuck obj 14 among among ADP _ 18 plumes case 15 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 18 plumes nmod:poss 16 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 18 plumes amod 17 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 18 plumes amod 18 plumes plume NOUN Number=Plur 12 stuck obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 picked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pick up past he some castoff feathers of the Peacocks vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Topic 2 stick past he not said here feathers = feather his own black plumes vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme among plume=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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