plunge Who acts: plunge, lights, Temperatures, She, Dad, class · What happens: plunge, be, fall, go out, minus, take · To what, where: water, something, prices, activity, sudden jump, darkness
«plunge» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: plunge in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To plunge is to jump or fall suddenly and steeply, especially into water.
The tree, 13 words mark csubj cop mark cc conj advmod cc conj punct advmod case obl punct root To PART plunge VERB is AUX to PART jump VERB or CCONJ fall VERB suddenly ADV and CCONJ steeply ADV , PUNCT especially ADV into ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 plunge mark 2 plunge plunge VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 jump csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 jump cop 4 to to PART _ 5 jump mark 5 jump jump VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 fall cc 7 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 jump conj 8 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 7 fall advmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 steeply cc 10 steeply steeply ADV _ 8 suddenly conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 water punct 12 especially especially ADV _ 14 water advmod 13 into into ADP _ 14 water case 14 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 fall obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 jump punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plunge to-infinitive vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 2 is present jump property tree rules 3 fall infinitive into water result ; suddenly property vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into water=Result
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To plunge something into something is to push it in quickly and hard.
mark advcl obj case obl cop mark obj compound:prt advmod cc conj punct root To PART plunge VERB something PRON into ADP something PRON is AUX to PART push VERB it PRON in ADP quickly ADV and CCONJ hard ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 plunge mark 2 plunge plunge VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 push advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 plunge obj 4 into into ADP _ 5 something case 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 plunge obl 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 push cop 7 to to PART _ 8 push mark 8 push push VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 push obj 10 in in ADP _ 8 push compound:prt 11 quickly quickly ADV _ 8 push advmod 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 hard cc 13 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 11 quickly conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 push punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plunge to-infinitive something something vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location something=Theme 2 is present push, quickly property tree rules
Meaning 3 To plunge (of prices, temperatures or numbers) is to fall suddenly by a lot.
The tree, 14 words mark advcl punct case obj punct conj cc conj punct cop mark advmod case det obl punct root To PART plunge VERB ( PUNCT of ADP prices NOUN , PUNCT temperatures NOUN or CCONJ numbers NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX to PART fall VERB suddenly ADV by ADP a DET lot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 plunge mark 2 plunge plunge VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 fall advcl 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 prices punct 4 of of ADP _ 5 prices case 5 prices price NOUN Number=Plur 2 plunge obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 temperatures punct 7 temperatures temperature NOUN Number=Plur 5 prices conj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 numbers cc 9 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 5 prices conj 10 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 prices punct 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 fall cop 12 to to PART _ 13 fall mark 13 fall fall VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 14 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 13 fall advmod 15 by by ADP _ 17 lot case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 lot det 17 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 13 fall obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 13 fall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plunge to-infinitive prices and temperatures or numbers vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location price=Theme 2 is present by a lot; fall, suddenly property tree rules
Meaning 4 To plunge into an activity is to start it eagerly and with energy.
mark advcl case det obl cop mark obj advmod cc case conj punct root To PART plunge VERB into ADP an DET activity NOUN is AUX to PART start VERB it PRON eagerly ADV and CCONJ with ADP energy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 plunge mark 2 plunge plunge VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 start advcl 3 into into ADP _ 5 activity case 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 activity det 5 activity activity NOUN Number=Sing 2 plunge obl 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 start cop 7 to to PART _ 8 start mark 8 start start VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 start obj 10 eagerly eagerly ADV _ 8 start advmod 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 energy cc 12 with with ADP _ 13 energy case 13 energy energy NOUN Number=Sing 10 eagerly conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plunge to-infinitive a activity vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into activity=Initial_Location 2 is present eagerly, start property tree rules
Meaning 5 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
A plunge is a sudden jump or fall, or a quick swim.
det nsubj cop det amod cc conj punct cc det amod conj punct root A DET plunge NOUN is AUX a DET sudden ADJ jump NOUN or CCONJ fall VERB , PUNCT or CCONJ a DET quick ADJ swim NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 plunge det 2 plunge plunge NOUN Number=Sing 6 jump nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 jump cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 jump det 5 sudden sudden ADJ Degree=Pos 6 jump amod 6 jump jump NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 fall cc 8 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 jump conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 swim punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 13 swim cc 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 swim det 12 quick quick ADJ Degree=Pos 13 swim amod 13 swim swim NOUN Number=Sing 6 jump conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 jump punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a plunge a sudden jump or a quick swim tree rules 2 fall infinitive a plunge not said here vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 6 To be plunged into darkness is to lose all light suddenly.
mark aux:pass advcl case obl cop mark det obj advmod punct root To PART be AUX plunged VERB into ADP darkness NOUN is AUX to PART lose VERB all DET light NOUN suddenly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 plunged mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 plunged aux:pass 3 plunged plunge VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 lose advcl 4 into into ADP _ 5 darkness case 5 darkness darkness NOUN Number=Sing 3 plunged obl 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 lose cop 7 to to PART _ 8 lose mark 8 lose lose VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 all all DET PronType=Tot 10 light det 10 light light NOUN Number=Sing 8 lose obj 11 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 8 lose advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 lose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plunge to-infinitive · passive darkness vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: into darkness=Initial_Location 2 is present lose, suddenly property tree rules
Example 1 The diver plunged into the deep pool.
det acl case det amod obl punct root The DET diver NOUN plunged VERB into ADP the DET deep ADJ pool NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 diver det 2 diver diver NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 plunged plunge VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 diver acl 4 into into ADP _ 7 pool case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 pool det 6 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 7 pool amod 7 pool pool NOUN Number=Sing 3 plunged obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 diver punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plunge participle the diver not said here the deep pool vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into pool=Initial_Location
Example 2 The lights went out and we were plunged into darkness.
det nsubj advmod cc nsubj:pass aux:pass conj case obl punct root The DET lights NOUN went VERB out ADV and CCONJ we PRON were AUX plunged VERB into ADP darkness NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lights det 2 lights light NOUN Number=Plur 3 went nsubj 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADV _ 3 went advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 8 plunged cc 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 plunged nsubj:pass 7 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 plunged aux:pass 8 plunged plunge VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 went conj 9 into into ADP _ 10 darkness case 10 darkness darkness NOUN Number=Sing 8 plunged obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go out past the lights out property vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 plunge past · passive we darkness vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 3 Temperatures plunged to minus ten overnight.
nsubj acl obl obj advmod punct root Temperatures NOUN plunged VERB to ADP minus VERB ten NUM overnight ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Temperatures temperature NOUN Number=Plur 4 minus nsubj 2 plunged plunge VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Temperatures acl 3 to to ADP _ 2 plunged obl 4 minus minus VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 5 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 minus obj 6 overnight overnight ADV _ 4 minus advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 minus punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plunge participle Temperatures not said here vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 2 minus infinitive Temperatures ten overnight property tree rules
Example 4 She plunged her hands into the warm soapy water.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det amod amod obl punct root She PRON plunged VERB her PRON hands NOUN into ADP the DET warm ADJ soapy ADJ water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 plunged nsubj 2 plunged plunge VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 hands nmod:poss 4 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 2 plunged obj 5 into into ADP _ 9 water case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 water det 7 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 9 water amod 8 soapy soapy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 water amod 9 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 plunged obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 plunged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plunge past She her hands the warm soapy water tree rules
Example 5 After weeks of thinking, Dad took the plunge and bought a dog.
case obl case nmod punct nsubj det obj cc conj det obj punct root After ADP weeks NOUN of ADP thinking NOUN , PUNCT Dad PROPN took VERB the DET plunge NOUN and CCONJ bought VERB a DET dog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 2 weeks case 2 weeks week NOUN Number=Plur 7 took obl 3 of of ADP _ 4 thinking case 4 thinking thinking NOUN Number=Sing 2 weeks nmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 2 weeks punct 6 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 7 took nsubj 7 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 plunge det 9 plunge plunge NOUN Number=Sing 7 took obj 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 bought cc 11 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 took conj 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 dog det 13 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 11 bought obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past Dad the plunge week vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plunge=Theme 2 buy past Dad not said here a dog vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Theme
Example 6 The class plunged into the art project.
det nsubj case det compound obl punct root The DET class NOUN plunged VERB into ADP the DET art NOUN project NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 class det 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 plunged nsubj 3 plunged plunge VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 7 project case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 project det 6 art art NOUN Number=Sing 7 project compound 7 project project NOUN Number=Sing 3 plunged obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 plunged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plunge past the class the art project vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into project=Initial_Location
Example 7 The price of the toy plunged after Christmas.
det case det nmod acl case obl punct root The DET price NOUN of ADP the DET toy NOUN plunged VERB after ADP Christmas PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 price det 2 price price NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 5 toy case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 toy det 5 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 2 price nmod 6 plunged plunge VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 price acl 7 after after ADP _ 8 Christmas case 8 Christmas Christmas PROPN Number=Sing 6 plunged obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 price punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plunge participle the price of the toy not said here after Christmas vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 8 The graph shows a sharp plunge in sales in March.
det nsubj det amod obj case nmod case nmod punct root The DET graph NOUN shows VERB a DET sharp ADJ plunge NOUN in ADP sales NOUN in ADP March PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 graph det 2 graph graph NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows nsubj 3 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 plunge det 5 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 6 plunge amod 6 plunge plunge NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows obj 7 in in ADP _ 8 sales case 8 sales sale NOUN Number=Plur 6 plunge nmod 9 in in ADP _ 10 March case 10 March March PROPN Number=Sing 8 sales nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present the graph a sharp plunge in sales in March vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent plunge=Patient in sale=Topic
Example 9 Once again the road was plunged in darkness.
advmod advmod det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root Once ADV again ADV the DET road NOUN was AUX plunged VERB in ADP darkness NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 2 again advmod 2 again again ADV _ 6 plunged advmod 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 road det 4 road road NOUN Number=Sing 6 plunged nsubj:pass 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 plunged aux:pass 6 plunged plunge VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 in in ADP _ 8 darkness case 8 darkness darkness NOUN Number=Sing 6 plunged obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 plunged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plunge past · passive the road again in darkness vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: subject=Extent in darkness=Attribute
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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