possess

Who acts: someone, you, Tom, She, museum, ghost · What happens: own, have, take, mind, possess, do · To what, where: something, quality, control, you, that, earth

«possess» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: possess in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

To own or have something.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 own	mark
2	own	own	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 have	cc
4	have	have	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 own	conj
5	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 have	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 own	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	own	to-infinitive							vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot
2	have	infinitive		something					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

To have a quality or skill.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 have	mark
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 quality	det
4	quality	quality	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 have	obj
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 skill	cc
6	skill	skill	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 quality	conj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	to-infinitive		a quality or skill					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quality=Patient

Meaning 3

Usage: of a feeling or spirit — kept apart, not parsed.

To take control of someone's mind, as in stories about ghosts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 take	mark
2	take	take	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	control	control	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 take	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 mind	case
5	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 mind	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 someone	case
7	mind	mind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 control	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 stories	punct
9	as	as	ADP	_	11 stories	case
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 stories	case
11	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 take	obj
12	about	about	ADP	_	13 ghosts	case
13	ghosts	ghost	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 stories	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 take	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	to-infinitive		control of someone's mind					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument control=Theme story=Destination
2	mind		someone						nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Meaning 4

Usage: informal, in questions — kept apart, not parsed.

"What possessed you?" = why on earth did you do that?

Sentence 1: "What possessed you?"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 possessed	punct
2	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 possessed	nsubj
3	possessed	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 possessed	obj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 possessed	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 possessed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess in a quote	past		you					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot you=Theme

Sentence 2: = why on earth did you do that?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	=	=	PUNCT	_	7 do	punct
2	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 do	advmod
3	on	on	ADP	_	4 earth	case
4	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 do	obl
5	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 do	aux
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 do	nsubj
7	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 do	obj
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 do	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past · do-support	you	that		earth			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality

Example 1

Tom possesses 12 marbles and gives away 5.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 possesses	nsubj
2	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 marbles	nummod
4	marbles	marble	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possesses	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 gives	cc
6	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 possesses	conj
7	away	away	ADV	_	6 gives	compound:prt
8	5	5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 gives	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 possesses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	Tom	12 marbles					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot marble=Theme
2	give away	present	Tom not said here	5					vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent 5=Theme

Example 2

She possesses great courage.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possesses	nsubj
2	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 courage	amod
4	courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 possesses	obj
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 possesses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	She	great courage					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot courage=Theme

Example 3

The museum possesses a famous painting.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 museum	det
2	museum	museum	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 painting	det
5	famous	famous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 painting	amod
6	painting	painting	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 possesses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the museum	a famous painting					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot painting=Theme

Example 4

In the story, the doll was possessed by a ghost.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 story	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 story	det
3	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 possessed	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 story	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 doll	det
6	doll	doll	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 possessed	nsubj:pass
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 possessed	aux:pass
8	possessed	possess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 ghost	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 ghost	det
11	ghost	ghost	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 possessed	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 possessed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	past · passive	a ghost	the doll		the story			vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme

Example 5

What possessed you to climb on the roof?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 possessed	nsubj
2	possessed	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 possessed	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 climb	mark
5	climb	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 possessed	advcl
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 roof	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 roof	det
8	roof	roof	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 climb	obl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 possessed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	past		you					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot you=Theme
2	climb	to-infinitive				the roof			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on roof=Trajectory

Example 6

Do you possess a library card?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possess	aux
2	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 possess	nsubj
3	possess	possess	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 card	det
5	library	library	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 card	compound
6	card	card	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possess	obj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 possess	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present · do-support	you	a library card					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot card=Theme

Example 7

He possesses a talent for drawing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possesses	nsubj
2	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 talent	det
4	talent	talent	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 possesses	obj
5	for	for	SCONJ	_	6 drawing	mark
6	drawing	draw	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 talent	acl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 possesses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	He	a talent					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot talent=Theme
2	draw	gerund	a talent not said here						vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 8

"We'll give you half of all we possess."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 give	punct
2	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 give	nsubj
3	'll	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 give	aux
4	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 give	iobj
6	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	4 give	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 half	nmod
9	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 possess	nsubj
10	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 all	acl:relcl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 give	punct
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 give	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give in a quote	future	We	half of all	you				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient half=Theme
2	possess in a quote	present	we						vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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