pray Who acts: you, something, We, families, Muslims, Grandma · What happens: speak, give, ask, say, be, hope · To what, where: God, thanks, dinner, assembly, temple, church · Speech: someone speaks here
«pray» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pray in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To speak to God or a god, to give thanks, ask for help or say you are sorry.
The tree, 18 words mark advcl case obl cc det conj punct mark obj punct conj case obl cc conj nsubj cop ccomp punct root To PART speak VERB to ADP God PROPN or CCONJ a DET god NOUN , PUNCT to PART give VERB thanks NOUN , PUNCT ask VERB for ADP help NOUN or CCONJ say VERB you PRON are AUX sorry ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 speak mark 2 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 give advcl 3 to to ADP _ 4 God case 4 God God PROPN Number=Sing 2 speak obl 5 or or CCONJ _ 7 god cc 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 god det 7 god god NOUN Number=Sing 4 God conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 give punct 9 to to PART _ 10 give mark 10 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 11 thanks thanks NOUN Number=Sing 10 give obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 ask punct 13 ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 10 give conj 14 for for ADP _ 15 help case 15 help help NOUN Number=Sing 13 ask obl 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 say cc 17 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 13 ask conj 18 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 20 sorry nsubj 19 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 sorry cop 20 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos 17 say ccomp 21 . . PUNCT _ 10 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other to-infinitive God or a god vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to god=Co-Agent 2 give to-infinitive thanks vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thanks=Theme 3 ask speech: ask infinitive for help vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 say speech: assert infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 5 is present you sorry property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To hope very strongly that something will happen.
mark advmod advmod mark nsubj aux advcl punct root To PART hope VERB very ADV strongly ADV that SCONJ something PRON will AUX happen VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hope mark 2 hope hope VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 very very ADV _ 4 strongly advmod 4 strongly strongly ADV _ 2 hope advmod 5 that that SCONJ _ 8 happen mark 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 happen nsubj 7 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 happen aux 8 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 hope advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 hope punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hope to-infinitive strongly property vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot 2 happen future something vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"We prayed for sunshine on sports day."
punct nsubj case obl case compound obl punct punct root " PUNCT We PRON prayed VERB for ADP sunshine NOUN on ADP sports NOUN day NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 prayed punct 2 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 prayed nsubj 3 prayed pray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 for for ADP _ 5 sunshine case 5 sunshine sunshine NOUN Number=Sing 3 prayed obl 6 on on ADP _ 8 day case 7 sports sport NOUN Number=Plur 8 day compound 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 prayed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 prayed punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 3 prayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pray in a quote past We day for sunshine vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for sunshine=Theme
Meaning 3 In old-fashioned English, pray can mean please.
case amod punct amod obl punct aux aux discourse punct root In ADP old ADJ - PUNCT fashioned ADJ English PROPN , PUNCT pray VERB can AUX mean VERB please INTJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 5 English case 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 fashioned amod 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 old punct 4 fashioned fashioned ADJ Degree=Pos 5 English amod 5 English English PROPN Number=Sing 9 mean obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 English punct 7 pray pray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 mean aux 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 mean aux 9 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 10 please please INTJ _ 9 mean discourse 11 . . PUNCT _ 9 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can · present in fashioned English vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in english=Attribute
Example 1 Some families pray before they eat dinner.
det nsubj mark nsubj advcl obj punct root Some DET families NOUN pray VERB before SCONJ they PRON eat VERB dinner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 families det 2 families family NOUN Number=Plur 3 pray nsubj 3 pray pray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 before before SCONJ _ 6 eat mark 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 eat nsubj 6 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 pray advcl 7 dinner dinner NOUN Number=Sing 6 eat obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 pray punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pray present some families vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot 2 eat present families = family dinner vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinner=Patient
Example 2 Muslims pray five times a day.
nsubj nummod obl:unmarked det nmod:unmarked punct root Muslims PROPN pray VERB five NUM times NOUN a DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Muslims Muslim PROPN Number=Plur 2 pray nsubj 2 pray pray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 times nummod 4 times time NOUN Number=Plur 2 pray obl:unmarked 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 day det 6 day day NOUN Number=Sing 4 times nmod:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 pray punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pray present Muslims time vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Example 3 Grandma prays for us every night.
nsubj case obl det obl:unmarked punct root Grandma NOUN prays VERB for ADP us PRON every DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 prays nsubj 2 prays pray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 4 us case 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 prays obl 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 night det 6 night night NOUN Number=Sing 2 prays obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 prays punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pray present Grandma night for us vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for we=Theme
Example 4 The farmers prayed for rain after the long dry summer.
det nsubj case obl case det amod amod obl punct root The DET farmers NOUN prayed VERB for ADP rain NOUN after ADP the DET long ADJ dry ADJ summer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmers det 2 farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 3 prayed nsubj 3 prayed pray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 for for ADP _ 5 rain case 5 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 prayed obl 6 after after ADP _ 10 summer case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 summer det 8 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 10 summer amod 9 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 10 summer amod 10 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 3 prayed obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 prayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pray past the farmers summer for rain vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for rain=Theme
Example 5 We were all praying that the bus would not be late.
nsubj aux advmod mark det nsubj aux advmod cop advcl punct root We PRON were AUX all ADV praying VERB that SCONJ the DET bus NOUN would AUX not PART be AUX late ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 praying nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 praying aux 3 all all ADV _ 4 praying advmod 4 praying pray VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 that that SCONJ _ 11 late mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bus det 7 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 11 late nsubj 8 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 late aux 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 late advmod 10 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 11 late cop 11 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 4 praying advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 praying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pray past · progressive We all property vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot 2 not is would the bus late property tree rules
Example 6 In assembly we learned how Hindus pray at a temple.
case obl nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp case det obl punct root In ADP assembly NOUN we PRON learned VERB how ADV Hindus PROPN pray VERB at ADP a DET temple NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 assembly case 2 assembly assembly NOUN Number=Sing 4 learned obl 3 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 learned nsubj 4 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 how how ADV PronType=Int 7 pray advmod 6 Hindus Hindu PROPN Number=Plur 7 pray nsubj 7 pray pray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 learned ccomp 8 at at ADP _ 10 temple case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 temple det 10 temple temple NOUN Number=Sing 7 pray obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past we assembly vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 pray present Hindus a temple vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Example 7 He knelt down to pray in the church.
nsubj advmod mark advcl case det obl punct root He PRON knelt VERB down ADV to PART pray VERB in ADP the DET church NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 knelt nsubj 2 knelt kneel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADV _ 2 knelt advmod 4 to to PART _ 5 pray mark 5 pray pray VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 knelt advcl 6 in in ADP _ 8 church case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 church det 8 church church NOUN Number=Sing 5 pray obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 knelt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kneel down past He down property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 pray to-infinitive He not said here the church vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Example 8 "Take it pray, as a present!"
punct obj xcomp punct case det obl punct punct root " PUNCT Take VERB it PRON pray VERB , PUNCT as ADP a DET present NOUN ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Take punct 2 Take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 Take obj 4 pray pray VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 Take xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 present punct 6 as as ADP _ 8 present case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 present det 8 present present NOUN Number=Sing 2 Take obl 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Take punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 2 Take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take in a quote imperative you not said here it as a present tree rules 2 pray in a quote infinitive you not said here vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous prawnnext → prayer↑ back to P in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/pray/