precious Who acts: Precious, time, Precious little, Gold, Water, old photo · What happens: mean, love, not waste, lose, be, start · To what, where: precious memories, little, precious metals, desert, Grandma, precious stones
«precious» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: precious in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Precious means very valuable, worth a lot of money («precious stones», «precious metals»).
The tree, 13 words nsubj advmod xcomp punct ccomp det obj case nmod punct punct amod appos punct punct punct amod parataxis punct punct punct root Precious ADJ means VERB very ADV valuable ADJ , PUNCT worth ADJ a DET lot NOUN of ADP money NOUN ( PUNCT « PUNCT precious ADJ stones NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT precious ADJ metals NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 very very ADV _ 4 valuable advmod 4 valuable valuable ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 worth punct 6 worth worth ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means ccomp 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 lot det 8 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 6 worth obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 money case 10 money money NOUN Number=Sing 8 lot nmod 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 14 stones punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 14 stones punct 13 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 14 stones amod 14 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 8 lot appos 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 stones punct 16 , , PUNCT _ 19 metals punct 17 « « PUNCT _ 19 metals punct 18 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 19 metals amod 19 metals metal NOUN Number=Plur 6 worth parataxis 20 » » PUNCT _ 19 metals punct 21 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 worth punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Precious valuable property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Precious means very important and loved, not to be wasted or lost («precious memories», «time is precious»).
The tree, 17 words nsubj advmod ccomp cc conj punct advmod mark aux:pass parataxis cc conj punct punct amod obl punct punct punct nsubj cop conj punct punct punct root Precious ADJ means VERB very ADV important ADJ and CCONJ loved VERB , PUNCT not PART to PART be AUX wasted VERB or CCONJ lost VERB ( PUNCT « PUNCT precious ADJ memories NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT time NOUN is AUX precious ADJ » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 very very ADV _ 4 important advmod 4 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means ccomp 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 loved cc 6 loved love VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 important conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 wasted punct 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 wasted advmod 9 to to PART _ 11 wasted mark 10 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 11 wasted aux:pass 11 wasted waste VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means parataxis 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 lost cc 13 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 wasted conj 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 17 memories punct 15 « « PUNCT _ 17 memories punct 16 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 17 memories amod 17 memories memory NOUN Number=Plur 13 lost obl 18 » » PUNCT _ 13 lost punct 19 , , PUNCT _ 23 precious punct 20 « « PUNCT _ 23 precious punct 21 time time NOUN Number=Sing 23 precious nsubj 22 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 precious cop 23 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 11 wasted conj 24 » » PUNCT _ 23 precious punct 25 ) ) PUNCT _ 23 precious punct 26 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Precious vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 love participle Precious not said here vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer 3 not waste to-infinitive · passive vn destroy-44 «NP V NP» 4 lose participle precious memories vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 is in a quote present time precious property tree rules
Meaning 3 Informally, precious can mean too fussy or delicate.
advmod punct nsubj aux advmod xcomp cc conj punct root Informally ADV , PUNCT precious ADJ can AUX mean VERB too ADV fussy ADJ or CCONJ delicate ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Informally informally ADV _ 3 precious advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Informally punct 3 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 5 mean nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 too too ADV _ 7 fussy advmod 7 fussy fussy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 mean xcomp 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 delicate cc 9 delicate delicate ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fussy conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can precious fussy property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 «Precious little» means very little.
punct amod nsubj punct advmod obj punct root « PUNCT Precious ADJ little ADJ » PUNCT means VERB very ADV little ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 little punct 2 Precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 3 little amod 3 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 little punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 very very ADV _ 7 little advmod 7 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Precious little little vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent little=Topic
Example 1 Gold and silver are precious metals.
nsubj cc conj cop amod punct root Gold NOUN and CCONJ silver NOUN are AUX precious ADJ metals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gold gold NOUN Number=Sing 6 metals nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 silver cc 3 silver silver NOUN Number=Sing 1 Gold conj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 metals cop 5 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 6 metals amod 6 metals metal NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 metals punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Gold and silver precious metals tree rules
Example 2 Water is precious in the desert.
nsubj cop case det obl punct root Water NOUN is AUX precious ADJ in ADP the DET desert NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 precious nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 precious cop 3 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 desert case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 desert det 6 desert desert NOUN Number=Sing 3 precious obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 precious punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Water the desert precious property tree rules
Example 3 This old photo is precious to Grandma.
det amod nsubj cop case obl punct root This DET old ADJ photo NOUN is AUX precious ADJ to ADP Grandma PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 3 photo det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 photo amod 3 photo photo NOUN Number=Sing 5 precious nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 precious cop 5 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 to to ADP _ 7 Grandma case 7 Grandma Grandma PROPN Number=Sing 5 precious obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 precious punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present this old photo Grandma precious property tree rules
Example 4 Diamonds and rubies are precious stones.
nsubj cc conj cop amod punct root Diamonds NOUN and CCONJ rubies NOUN are AUX precious ADJ stones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Diamonds diamond NOUN Number=Plur 6 stones nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 rubies cc 3 rubies ruby NOUN Number=Plur 1 Diamonds conj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stones cop 5 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 6 stones amod 6 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 stones punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Diamonds and rubies precious stones tree rules
Example 5 Don't waste precious time; start your homework.
aux advmod amod obj punct conj nmod:poss obj punct root Do AUX n't PART waste VERB precious ADJ time NOUN ; PUNCT start VERB your PRON homework NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 waste aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 waste advmod 3 waste waste VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 5 time amod 5 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 waste obj 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 start punct 7 start start VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 waste conj 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 homework nmod:poss 9 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 7 start obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 waste punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not waste imperative · do-support you not said here time vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 start infinitive you not said here your homework vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Eventuality
Example 6 The baby is very precious to her parents.
det nsubj cop advmod case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET baby NOUN is AUX very ADV precious ADJ to ADP her PRON parents NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 baby det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 5 precious nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 precious cop 4 very very ADV _ 5 precious advmod 5 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 to to ADP _ 8 parents case 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 parents nmod:poss 8 parents parent NOUN Number=Plur 5 precious obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 precious punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the baby to her parents; precious property tree rules
Example 7 There is precious little food left in the fridge.
expl amod amod nsubj acl case det obl punct root There PRON is VERB precious ADJ little ADJ food NOUN left VERB in ADP the DET fridge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 5 food amod 4 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 5 food amod 5 food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 6 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 food acl 7 in in ADP _ 9 fridge case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 fridge det 9 fridge fridge NOUN Number=Sing 6 left obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present precious little food there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 leave participle precious little food not said here in the fridge result vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in fridge=Result
Example 8 The dragon guarded its precious treasure.
det nsubj nmod:poss amod obj punct root The DET dragon NOUN guarded VERB its PRON precious ADJ treasure NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dragon det 2 dragon dragon NOUN Number=Sing 3 guarded nsubj 3 guarded guard VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 treasure nmod:poss 5 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 6 treasure amod 6 treasure treasure NOUN Number=Sing 3 guarded obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 guarded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 guard past the dragon dragon's precious treasure vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treasure=Beneficiary 2 treasure dragon nom treasure «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Example 9 Just see those precious stones lying there!
advmod det amod obj acl advmod punct root Just ADV see VERB those DET precious ADJ stones NOUN lying VERB there ADV ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Just just ADV _ 2 see advmod 2 see see VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 5 stones det 4 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 5 stones amod 5 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 2 see obj 6 lying lie VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 stones acl 7 there there ADV PronType=Dem 6 lying advmod 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 see punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see imperative you not said here that precious stones vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stone=Stimulus 2 lie gerund that precious stones not said here there vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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