preliminary Who acts: Preliminary, Preliminaries, We, team, preliminary results, meeting · What happens: mean, come, get, be, do, win · To what, where: main part, first step, things, preliminary test, preliminary, you · Speech: someone speaks here
«preliminary» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: preliminary in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Preliminary means coming before the main part and getting ready for it.
nsubj xcomp case det amod obl cc conj xcomp case obl punct root Preliminary NOUN means VERB coming VERB before ADP the DET main ADJ part NOUN and CCONJ getting VERB ready ADJ for ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Preliminary preliminary NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 coming come VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 before before ADP _ 7 part case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 part det 6 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 7 part amod 7 part part NOUN Number=Sing 3 coming obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 getting cc 9 getting get VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 coming conj 10 ready ready ADJ Degree=Pos 9 getting xcomp 11 for for ADP _ 12 it case 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 ready obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Preliminary vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 come not said to happen gerund Preliminary not said here the main part vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before part=Location 3 get gerund Preliminary not said here ready property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A preliminary is a first step or early round, such as a heat in a competition.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod cc amod conj punct case fixed det conj case det nmod punct root A DET preliminary NOUN is AUX a DET first ADJ step NOUN or CCONJ early ADJ round ADJ , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET heat NOUN in ADP a DET competition NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 preliminary det 2 preliminary preliminary NOUN Number=Sing 6 step nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 step cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 step det 5 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 6 step amod 6 step step NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 round cc 8 early early ADJ Degree=Pos 9 round amod 9 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 6 step conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 heat punct 11 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 14 heat case 12 as as ADP _ 11 such fixed 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 heat det 14 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 9 round conj 15 in in ADP _ 17 competition case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 competition det 17 competition competition NOUN Number=Sing 14 heat nmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 step punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a preliminary a first step tree rules 2 be a preliminary not said here tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Preliminaries are things done before the main business, such as greetings.
nsubj cop acl case det amod obl punct case fixed conj punct root Preliminaries NOUN are AUX things NOUN done VERB before ADP the DET main ADJ business NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP greetings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Preliminaries preliminary NOUN Number=Plur 3 things nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 things cop 3 things thing NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 things acl 5 before before ADP _ 8 business case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 business det 7 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 8 business amod 8 business business NOUN Number=Sing 4 done obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 greetings punct 10 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 12 greetings case 11 as as ADP _ 10 such fixed 12 greetings greeting NOUN Number=Plur 8 business conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 things punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Preliminaries things tree rules 2 do participle things not said here before the main business and greetings vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 We did a preliminary test before the real experiment.
nsubj det compound obj case det amod obl punct root We PRON did VERB a DET preliminary NOUN test NOUN before ADP the DET real ADJ experiment NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 did nsubj 2 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 test det 4 preliminary preliminary NOUN Number=Sing 5 test compound 5 test test NOUN Number=Sing 2 did obj 6 before before ADP _ 9 experiment case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 experiment det 8 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 9 experiment amod 9 experiment experiment NOUN Number=Sing 2 did obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 did punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do past We a preliminary test before the real experiment vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Eventuality
Example 2 Our team won the preliminary round.
nmod:poss nsubj det obj advmod punct root Our PRON team NOUN won VERB the DET preliminary NOUN round ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 team nmod:poss 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 3 won nsubj 3 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 preliminary det 5 preliminary preliminary NOUN Number=Sing 3 won obj 6 round round ADV _ 3 won advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 won punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win past Our team the preliminary round property vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent preliminary=Eventuality
Example 3 The preliminary results look good.
det compound nsubj xcomp punct root The DET preliminary NOUN results NOUN look VERB good ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 results det 2 preliminary preliminary NOUN Number=Sing 3 results compound 3 results result NOUN Number=Plur 4 look nsubj 4 look look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 4 look xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present the preliminary results good property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 4 After the preliminaries, the meeting began.
case det obl punct det nsubj punct root After ADP the DET preliminaries NOUN , PUNCT the DET meeting NOUN began VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 preliminaries case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 preliminaries det 3 preliminaries preliminary NOUN Number=Plur 7 began obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 preliminaries punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 meeting det 6 meeting meeting NOUN Number=Sing 7 began nsubj 7 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 began punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin past the meeting after the preliminaries vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 5 A preliminary drawing helps you plan a picture.
det compound nsubj obj xcomp det obj punct root A DET preliminary NOUN drawing NOUN helps VERB you PRON plan VERB a DET picture NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 drawing det 2 preliminary preliminary NOUN Number=Sing 3 drawing compound 3 drawing drawing NOUN Number=Sing 4 helps nsubj 4 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 helps obj 6 plan plan VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 helps xcomp 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 picture det 8 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing 6 plan obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present a preliminary drawing you vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 plan infinitive you not said here a picture vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Topic
Example 6 (formal) Preliminary findings indicate an increase in rainfall.
punct amod punct amod nsubj det obj case nmod punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT Preliminary ADJ findings NOUN indicate VERB an DET increase NOUN in ADP rainfall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 5 findings amod 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 4 Preliminary preliminary ADJ Degree=Pos 5 findings amod 5 findings finding NOUN Number=Plur 6 indicate nsubj 6 indicate indicate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 increase det 8 increase increase NOUN Number=Sing 6 indicate obj 9 in in ADP _ 10 rainfall case 10 rainfall rainfall NOUN Number=Sing 8 increase nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 indicate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 indicate present formal Preliminary findings a increase rainfall vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot increase=Topic
Example 7 He skipped the preliminaries and got straight to the point.
nsubj det obj cc conj advmod case det obl punct root He PRON skipped VERB the DET preliminaries NOUN and CCONJ got VERB straight ADV to ADP the DET point NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 skipped nsubj 2 skipped skip VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 preliminaries det 4 preliminaries preliminary NOUN Number=Plur 2 skipped obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 got cc 6 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 skipped conj 7 straight straight ADV _ 10 point advmod 8 to to ADP _ 10 point case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 point det 10 point point NOUN Number=Sing 6 got obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 skipped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skip past He the preliminaries vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent preliminary=Agent 2 get past He not said here to the point result vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to point=Result
Example 8 The preliminary heats are in the morning.
det nsubj ccomp case det obl punct root The DET preliminary NOUN heats VERB are VERB in ADP the DET morning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 preliminary det 2 preliminary preliminary NOUN Number=Sing 3 heats nsubj 3 heats heat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 heats ccomp 5 in in ADP _ 7 morning case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 morning det 7 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 3 heats obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 heats punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 heat present the preliminary morning tree rules 2 be present the preliminary not said here vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 Some stories start off without any preliminary formula, or with a simple "Well, there was once a ----".
The tree, 18 words det nsubj compound:prt case det compound obl punct cc case det amod punct discourse punct expl cop advmod det parataxis punct punct root Some DET stories NOUN start VERB off ADP without ADP any DET preliminary NOUN formula NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ with ADP a DET simple ADJ " PUNCT Well INTJ , PUNCT there PRON was AUX once ADV a DET ---- NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 stories det 2 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 3 start nsubj 3 start start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 off off ADP _ 3 start compound:prt 5 without without ADP _ 8 formula case 6 any any DET PronType=Ind 8 formula det 7 preliminary preliminary NOUN Number=Sing 8 formula compound 8 formula formula NOUN Number=Sing 3 start obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 simple punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 13 simple cc 11 with with ADP _ 13 simple case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 simple det 13 simple simple ADJ Degree=Pos 21 ---- amod 14 " " PUNCT _ 18 was punct 15 Well well INTJ _ 18 was discourse 16 , , PUNCT _ 15 Well punct 17 there there PRON PronType=Dem 18 was expl 18 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 21 ---- cop 19 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 21 ---- advmod 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 ---- det 21 ---- ---- NOUN Number=Sing 3 start parataxis 22 " " PUNCT _ 21 ---- punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 3 start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start off present some stories without any preliminary formula vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 is a in a quote past a simple ---- once property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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